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Researchers determined 3D atomic structures using a single X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) pulse. This breakthrough captures fast, non-repeatable processes, reaching the temporal limit for X-ray structure solution.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Crystallography
  • Physics

Background:

  • X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFELs) offer unique pulsed X-ray capabilities.
  • Current methods lack ab initio atomic structure determination from single XFEL pulses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate 3D atomic structure determination from a single XFEL pulse.
  • To establish a new temporal limit for X-ray structure solution.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental determination of 3D atomic structure using a single 25 fs XFEL pulse.
  • Parallel measurement of hundreds of Bragg reflections via Kossel line patterns of GaAs and GaP.

Main Results:

  • Successful 3D atomic structure determination from a single XFEL pulse.
  • Achieved the ultimate temporal limit for X-ray structure solution to date.

Conclusions:

  • This method enables capturing crystalline structures during non-repeatable fast processes.
  • Opens possibilities for studying matter under extreme conditions and transient structures.
  • Facilitates significantly shorter time-resolved pump-probe structural studies.