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Dispositional mindfulness: Dissociable affective and cognitive processes.

Nancy Tsai1, Isaac N Treves2, Clemens C C Bauer2,3

  • 1McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. ntsai@mit.edu.

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|February 1, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mindfulness benefits social-emotional and cognitive functions through distinct pathways. Research shows trait mindfulness impacts affect and cognition separately in the brain and mind.

Keywords:
AdolescentsAffectCognitionMindfulnessStress

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Mindfulness is associated with improved social-emotional and cognitive functioning.
  • The specific mechanisms underlying these benefits remain unclear.
  • It is unknown if mindfulness impacts affect and cognition through a single or separate processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether mindfulness influences affective and cognitive outcomes through a shared or dissociable process.
  • To examine the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and affective/cognitive outcomes in adolescents.
  • To integrate behavioral findings with existing neuroimaging data on mindfulness.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized behavioral measures in adolescents to assess dispositional mindfulness.
  • Reanalyzed prior neuroimaging studies linking mindfulness training to affect (emotion, stress) and cognition (attention).
  • Employed multivariate regression analyses to explore the dissociability of mindfulness's effects.

Main Results:

  • Behavioral analyses indicated that dispositional mindfulness affects affective and cognitive processes distinctly.
  • Neuroimaging data convergence suggests separate neural pathways for mindfulness's modulation of affect and cognition.
  • Findings support the benefits of trait mindfulness on both domains, highlighting their partial dissociability.

Conclusions:

  • Trait mindfulness confers benefits to both affective and cognitive processes.
  • These benefits appear to be mediated by at least partially dissociable mechanisms in the mind and brain.
  • The study provides evidence for distinct neural pathways underlying mindfulness's impact on emotion regulation and attention.