Comparison of cytotoxicity between 3D printable resins and heat-cure PMMA

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the cytotoxicity of polyurethane and polyoxymethylene printable resins with conventional heat cure polymethyl methacrylate denture base resins.

The study followed ISO-10993-5 guidelines. It comprised of three groups. Fifteen cuboidal samples measuring 10x10 × 10mm dimension were prepared for each group. The polymethylmethacrylate samples were fabricated using conventional denture processing techniques, while the polyoxymethylene samples were printed using fused deposition modeling and the polyurethane samples using stereolithography technique. Post fabrication the samples were evaluated for cytotoxicity using the MTT assay with the VERO cell line. The percentage of cell viability was calculated to determine the cytotoxic effects.

Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in the cell viability of the experimental groups (p ≤ 0.0001). The polyoxymethylene group showed the highest % cell viability (62.78 %), followed by the polymethylmethacrylate group (52.43 %), and the least was observed in the polyurethane-based resin group (46.47 %). The findings indicate polyoxymethylene group displayed least cytotoxicity, followed by polymethylmethacrylate, and polyurethane-based resin.

Polyoxymethylene resin exhibited the minimum cytotoxic properties among the tested materials, followed by polymethylmethacrylate and polyurethane resin.