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Anaphoric distance dependencies in visual narrative structure and processing.

Neil Cohn1, Lincy van Middelaar1, Tom Foulsham2

  • 1Department of Communication and Cognition, Tilburg School of Humanities and Digital Sciences, Tilburg University, Netherlands.

Cognitive Psychology
|February 2, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Visual narratives use "refiner" panels like language uses pronouns. Studies show refiners work best near their antecedents, impacting cognitive processing and brain responses, suggesting universal sequencing rules.

Keywords:
AnaphoraDistance dependenciesERPsNarrativeSyntaxVisual language

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Linguistics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Linguistic syntax complexity is often attributed to features like anaphoric relations.
  • Visual narratives, such as comics, employ sequencing mechanisms analogous to linguistic structures.
  • Refiner panels in visual narratives function similarly to pronouns, linking to antecedent information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore constraints on visual narrative refiners concerning order and distance.
  • To investigate how these constraints affect viewer preferences and cognitive processing.
  • To examine neurocognitive responses to visual referential dependencies.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: Force-choice test to assess participant preferences for refiner placement.
  • Experiment 2: Self-paced viewing time to measure the impact of distance dependencies.
  • Experiment 3: Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to analyze neural responses.

Main Results:

  • Refiners are preferred to follow their antecedents and be proximally located.
  • Increased distance between refiners and antecedents leads to slower viewing times.
  • Visual refiner patterns elicit brain responses (N400, LAN, Nref) similar to linguistic anaphora.

Conclusions:

  • Constraints and cognitive responses to visual narrative refiners parallel those of linguistic anaphora.
  • This suggests domain-general constraints govern the sequencing of referential dependencies across modalities.
  • Visual and linguistic referential dependencies share underlying cognitive and neural mechanisms.