Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity01:09

GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity

5.6K
Some GPCRs transmit signals through adenylyl cyclase (AC), a transmembrane enzyme. AC helps synthesize second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). AC catalyzes cyclization reaction and converts ATP to cAMP by releasing a pyrophosphate. The pyrophosphate is further hydrolyzed to phosphate by the enzyme pyrophosphatase, which drives cAMP synthesis to completion. However, cAMP is rapidly degraded to 5′ AMP by the enzymes phosphodiesterase (PDE), preventing overstimulation of...
5.6K
G Protein-coupled Receptors01:15

G Protein-coupled Receptors

12.1K
G Protein-Coupled Receptors or GPCRs are membrane-bound receptors that transiently associate with heterotrimeric G proteins and induce an appropriate response to sensory stimuli such as light, odors, hormones, cytokines, or neurotransmitters.
GPCRs are also called heptahelical, 7TM, or serpentine receptors, and consist of seven (H1-H7) transmembrane alpha-helices that span the bilayer to form a cylindrical core. The transmembrane helices are connected by three extracellular loops and three...
12.1K
GPCR Desensitization01:12

GPCR Desensitization

6.0K
G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling plays a crucial role in cell functioning. GPCR desensitization is an equally essential process. It allows cells to respond to changing environments and regain sensitivity to new stimuli while preventing unnecessary stimulation when no longer needed. Prolonged exposure to stimuli leads to GPCR desensitization. It involves blocking the receptors from binding and activating additional G proteins. This inhibits activation of downstream effectors, thereby...
6.0K
Transducer Mechanism: G Protein–Coupled Receptors01:30

Transducer Mechanism: G Protein–Coupled Receptors

2.0K
G Protein–Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) are membrane-bound receptors that transiently associate with heterotrimeric G proteins and induce an appropriate response to various stimuli. GPCRs regulate critical physiological pathways and are excellent drug targets for treating diseases such as diabetes, cancer, obesity, depression, or Alzheimer's. Nearly 35% of approved drugs implement their therapeutic effects by selectively interacting with specific GPCRs.
GPCRs are also called heptahelical,...
2.0K
Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Blockers01:28

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Blockers

1.0K
Ganglionic blockers inhibit autonomic activity by blocking nicotinic receptors in the autonomic ganglia, suppressing impulse transmission. These blockers lack selectivity between sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia and are ineffective as neuromuscular junction antagonists. They can be categorized into two groups:
1.0K
G-Protein Gated Ion Channels01:21

G-Protein Gated Ion Channels

4.6K
GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
Sensory...
4.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

CGRP-provoked headache is associated with a neuroimmune signature in idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

The journal of headache and pain·2026
Same author

Plasma CGRP Levels in Migraine: A Registry for Migraine Study.

Neurology·2026
Same author

Rimegepant for the acute treatment of migraine: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The journal of headache and pain·2026
Same author

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy during migraine attacks: A systematic review.

Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache·2026
Same author

Calcitonin gene-related peptide induces headache attacks in people with idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Brain : a journal of neurology·2026
Same author

Migraine induced by vascular K<sub>ATP</sub> channel activation is independent of HCN channel activity: A randomised controlled trial with translational validation.

Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache·2026
Same journal

Preface.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2026
Same journal

Foreword.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2026
Same journal

Fundus autofluorescence imaging.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2026
Same journal

The electroretinogram as a means to study the physiology of the retina.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2026
Same journal

Adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2026
Same journal

Modeling the human retina in a dish: Advances and future directions.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2025

Ex Vivo Release of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide from the Trigeminovascular System in Rodents
08:39

Ex Vivo Release of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide from the Trigeminovascular System in Rodents

Published on: May 16, 2022

2.4K

CGRP receptor antagonists (gepants).

Samaira Younis1, Nina V Latysheva2, Alexey B Danilov2

  • 1Danish Headache Center & Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|February 2, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gepants, or calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonists, offer effective acute migraine treatment. Newer generations show improved safety and tolerability for migraineurs.

Keywords:
CGRPHeadacheMigraineOlcegepantPainRandomized controlled trialsRimegepantTelcagepantUbrogepantZavegepant

More Related Videos

Detection and Quantification of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide CGRP in Human Plasma Using a Modified Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
07:14

Detection and Quantification of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide CGRP in Human Plasma Using a Modified Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Published on: June 16, 2023

2.6K
Detection of G Protein-coupled Receptor Expression in Mouse Vagal Afferent Neurons using Multiplex In Situ Hybridization
08:16

Detection of G Protein-coupled Receptor Expression in Mouse Vagal Afferent Neurons using Multiplex In Situ Hybridization

Published on: September 20, 2021

3.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2025

Ex Vivo Release of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide from the Trigeminovascular System in Rodents
08:39

Ex Vivo Release of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide from the Trigeminovascular System in Rodents

Published on: May 16, 2022

2.4K
Detection and Quantification of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide CGRP in Human Plasma Using a Modified Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
07:14

Detection and Quantification of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide CGRP in Human Plasma Using a Modified Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Published on: June 16, 2023

2.6K
Detection of G Protein-coupled Receptor Expression in Mouse Vagal Afferent Neurons using Multiplex In Situ Hybridization
08:16

Detection of G Protein-coupled Receptor Expression in Mouse Vagal Afferent Neurons using Multiplex In Situ Hybridization

Published on: September 20, 2021

3.9K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonists, known as gepants, represent a significant advancement in migraine therapeutics.
  • Early gepant generations (2004-2011) demonstrated CGRP's role in migraine but faced development challenges like poor oral bioavailability and hepatotoxicity concerns.

Approach:

  • This review examines the efficacy, safety, and tolerability data for gepants in the acute management of migraine.
  • The analysis includes first, second (ubrogepant, rimegepant), and third-generation (zavegepant) gepants.

Key Points:

  • Second-generation gepants (ubrogepant, rimegepant) are approved for acute migraine treatment.
  • Third-generation gepant (zavegepant) also shows promise.
  • Gepants offer a migraine-specific mechanism of action.

Conclusions:

  • Gepants are effective and generally well-tolerated for acute migraine treatment.
  • Future research should address remaining limitations and explore further therapeutic potential.
  • This class of drugs represents a crucial development in personalized migraine therapy.