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Published on: September 12, 2017
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Analyzing post-2000 groundwater level and rainfall changes in Rajasthan, India, using well observations and GRACE
Md Moniruzzaman Monir1, Subaran Chandra Sarker1
1Department of Geography and Environmental Science, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur-5400, Bangladesh.
Heliyon
|February 5, 2024
Summary
Groundwater levels in Rajasthan show mixed trends, with 38% declining despite rising rainfall in 70% of districts. Rainfall is the primary driver of groundwater levels in this semi-arid region.
Area of Science:
- Hydrology
- Environmental Science
- Water Resource Management
Background:
- Groundwater depletion is a critical issue in arid regions.
- The Indian desert region's groundwater dynamics were previously under-analyzed.
- Understanding groundwater-rainfall relationships is vital for environmental preservation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate groundwater level (GWL) and rainfall trends in Rajasthan from 2000-2021.
- To analyze the relationship between GWL variations and long-term rainfall patterns.
- To identify key drivers of groundwater changes in a semi-arid environment.
Main Methods:
- Collected annual GWL and rainfall data from 921 stations across 33 districts.
- Applied non-parametric modified Mann-Kendall and Spearman rho tests for trend analysis.
- Utilized Pearson's, Kendall's tau-b, and Spearman's analyses for correlation and regression.
Main Results:
- 38% of districts show a significant declining GWL trend, while 49% show a rising trend.
- 70% of districts exhibit a rising rainfall trend, with 30% showing stable trends.
- A negative correlation between GWL depth and rainfall was observed in all districts, with 58% showing moderate negative correlation.
Conclusions:
- Rainfall is identified as the primary influencer on groundwater levels in Rajasthan's semi-arid, drought-prone region.
- Despite rising rainfall in many areas, significant GWL declines highlight complex hydrological interactions.
- The study underscores the need for integrated water resource management strategies.
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