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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II01:19

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification01:23

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Modified-release drug delivery systems improve drug efficacy and minimize side effects by controlling the rate and location of drug release. These systems fall into three categories: rate-programmed, stimuli-activated, and site-targeted.Rate-programmed systems release drugs at a predetermined rate, maintaining consistent therapeutic levels and reducing fluctuations that could lead to toxicity or subtherapeutic effects. These systems use polymeric matrices, reservoir-based designs, or osmotic...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I01:22

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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...
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Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted01:24

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Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
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Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
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Revolutionizing targeting precision: microfluidics-enabled smart microcapsules for tailored delivery and controlled

Lingling Ren1, Shuang Liu1, Junjie Zhong1

  • 1School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong, China. zhongjunjie@upc.edu.cn.

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Smart microcapsules offer targeted delivery of active materials. Microfluidics enables precise control over their characteristics, including encapsulation, targeting, and controlled release for advanced applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Microfluidics Engineering
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Smart microcapsules are advanced delivery systems with significant potential.
  • Their desirable characteristics include encapsulation capacity, targeted delivery, and controlled release.
  • Microfluidics offers precise control for tailoring microcapsules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the principles of droplet-based microfluidics for smart microcapsule fabrication.
  • To summarize smart microcapsules as delivery systems for efficient encapsulation.
  • To focus on target delivery patterns and controlled release mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of droplet-based microfluidic principles.
  • Summarization of smart microcapsules for encapsulation.
  • Analysis of passive, active, and microfluidics-assisted targeting strategies.
  • Review of controlled release mechanisms via smart membranes and gates.

Main Results:

  • Microfluidics is a powerful tool for creating tailored smart microcapsules.
  • Various target delivery patterns (passive, active, microfluidics-assisted) are discussed.
  • Controlled release is achieved through smart membranes and on/off gates.

Conclusions:

  • Smart microcapsules fabricated using microfluidics show great promise for targeted delivery.
  • Further research is needed to address existing challenges and explore potential implications.