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Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
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People can reliably detect action changes and goal changes during naturalistic perception.

Xing Su1, Khena M Swallow2

  • 1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.

Memory & Cognition
|February 5, 2024
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Untrained observers can reliably detect changes in actions and goals during everyday activities. These identified changes are linked to how we segment events, not just visual cues.

Keywords:
Action perceptionEvent cognitionEvent segmentationGoal processingPerspective

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Perception
  • Human Behavior

Background:

  • The human brain naturally segments continuous activities into discrete events (event segmentation).
  • Prior research suggests event segmentation is linked to changes in an actor's actions and goals.
  • It remains unclear if untrained observers can reliably identify these action/goal changes or if visual features drive segmentation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if untrained observers can consistently identify action and goal changes in naturalistic activities.
  • To investigate whether identified changes are tied to specific visual features versus underlying goal/action shifts.
  • To examine the relationship between identified action/goal changes and event boundaries.

Main Methods:

  • Participants watched videos of everyday activities from first-person and third-person perspectives.
  • They identified instances of action changes, goal changes, and event boundaries.
  • Analyses controlled for objective visual features like object interaction onsets/offsets.

Main Results:

  • Untrained observers consistently identified both goal changes and action changes.
  • These identifications were not explained by simple visual changes or object contact.
  • Identified action and goal changes were significantly associated with event boundaries.

Conclusions:

  • People can reliably identify action and goal changes in observed activities with high agreement.
  • This identification process utilizes sensory information flexibly, not solely relying on visual cues.
  • Detected action and goal shifts appear to be a key mechanism underlying event segmentation.