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Top IHC/ISH Hacks for and Molecular Surrogates of Poorly Differentiated Sinonasal Small Round Cell Tumors
1Anatomic Pathology, Disease Team Alignment: Head and Neck, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA. dbell@coh.org.
Background:
Poorly differentiated sinonasal small round cell tumors (SRCTs) are rare and heterogeneous, posing challenges in diagnosis and treatment.
Methods:
Recent advances in molecular findings and diagnostic refinement have promoted better understanding and management of these tumors.
Results:
The newly defined and emerging sinonasal entities demonstrate diverse morphologies, specific genomic signatures, and clinical behavior from conventional counterparts. In this review of SRCTs, emphasis is placed on the diagnostic approach with the employment of a pertinent panel of immunohistochemistry studies and/or molecular tests, fine-tuned to the latest WHO 5 classification of sinonasal/paranasal tumors and personalized treatment.
Conclusion:
Specifically, this review focuses on tumors with epithelial and neuroectodermal derivation.
Insights
This review clarifies the diagnosis and management of rare sinonasal small round cell tumors (SRCTs). Advances in molecular diagnostics and the latest WHO classification guide personalized treatment strategies for these heterogeneous tumors.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Pathology
- Genomics
Background:
- Sinonasal small round cell tumors (SRCTs) are rare, heterogeneous, and present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
- Understanding of these tumors is limited due to their rarity and complexity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the diagnostic approach for sinonasal small round cell tumors.
- To highlight the importance of molecular findings and diagnostic refinement.
- To align with the latest WHO classification for sinonasal tumors.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent advances in molecular pathology and diagnostic techniques.
- Emphasis on immunohistochemistry and molecular testing panels.
- Integration of the latest WHO 5 classification of sinonasal/paranasal tumors.
Main Results:
- Newly defined sinonasal entities exhibit diverse morphologies and distinct genomic signatures.
- Emerging SRCTs show varied clinical behaviors compared to conventional types.
- The review emphasizes a diagnostic strategy incorporating molecular and immunohistochemical data.
Conclusions:
- This review focuses on sinonasal tumors of epithelial and neuroectodermal origin.
- Personalized treatment approaches are crucial for effective management.
- Diagnostic refinement aids in better understanding and managing SRCTs.
