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Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

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Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:

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Methodology for Sputum Induction and Laboratory Processing

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Published on: December 17, 2017

Blood transcriptome differentiates clinical clusters for asthma.

Jin An¹, Seungpil Jeong², Kyungtaek Park³

¹Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.

The World Allergy Organization Journal

|February 6, 2024

Summary

This study identified four distinct asthma subtypes using clinical data and blood eosinophils. Gene expression profiling revealed distinct molecular pathways associated with these asthma phenotypes, offering new classification methods.

Keywords:

Asthma Cluster Pathway Transcriptome

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RNA-seq Analysis of Transcriptomes in Thrombin-treated and Control Human Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells

RNA-seq Analysis of Transcriptomes in Thrombin-treated and Control Human Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Published on: February 13, 2013

Area of Science:

Pulmonary Medicine
Genomics
Immunology

Background:

Previous asthma research identified phenotypes using clinical and demographic data.
Transcriptional phenotypes were primarily identified using sputum and bronchial cells.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate asthma phenotypes through cluster analysis of clinical variables.
To compare transcription levels among identified clusters using blood gene expression profiling.

Main Methods:

Clustering analysis utilized 6 parameters: asthma onset age, BMI, pack-years of smoking, FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio, and blood eosinophil counts.
Gene expression profiling was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).
Pathway enrichment analysis used GO, KEGG, and REACTOME databases.

Main Results:

Four distinct asthma subtypes were identified in 355 adult patients.
Cluster 1: lower FEV1%, higher smoking history, sputum neutrophils. Cluster 2: higher eosinophils (blood/sputum), severe airflow limitation. Cluster 3: younger, atopic features. Cluster 4: late-onset, mild asthma.
Differentially expressed genes between clusters 1 and 2 related to inflammation and cell activation; Th17 and interferon gamma pathways linked to neutrophilic inflammation.

Conclusions:

Four clinical asthma subtypes were differentiated using clinical parameters and blood eosinophils in the COREA cohort.
Gene expression profiling and molecular pathway analysis represent novel approaches for asthma phenotype classification.