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Ex vivo Expansion of Tumor-reactive T Cells by Means of Bryostatin 1/Ionomycin and the Common Gamma Chain Cytokines Formulation
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An Interleukin-15 Superagonist with BCG - A Major Therapeutic Advancement or Just a Small Step in the Right
Eugene J Pietzak1, Harry W Herr1
1Urologic Oncology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York.
Abstract:
For more than 40 years, intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has remained the most effective treatment for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC); however, tumor recurrence and progression are common, especially for those patients with carcinoma in situ (CIS).1 Therapeutic options are limited when treatment with BCG fails, and radical cystectomy remains the only curative treatment. BCG-unresponsive NMIBC criteria were developed in 2015 to identify patients for whom additional BCG would likely not be effective and to facilitate clinical trials of novel therapies.2,3.
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