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Related Concept Videos

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

134
Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
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Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
294
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area01:23

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area

849
Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are...
849
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry01:20

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry

208
Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...
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Microencapsulation for Pharmaceutical Applications: A Review.

Cuie Yan1, Sang-Ryoung Kim1

  • 1Division of Encapsulation, Blue California, Rancho Santa Margarita, California 92688, United States.

ACS Applied Bio Materials
|February 6, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microencapsulation technologies enhance active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) by improving bioavailability, stability, and targeted delivery. This review analyzes common methods for small, medium, and living APIs.

Keywords:
Active pharmaceutical ingredient (API)EncapsulationLiving organismsMicrocapsulesMicroencapsulationNanoencapsulationPharmaceutical applications

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Materials Science
  • Drug Delivery

Background:

  • Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) often require formulation strategies to overcome limitations like poor bioavailability, instability, and side effects.
  • Microencapsulation and nanoencapsulation offer versatile solutions for protecting APIs and controlling their release.
  • Various microencapsulation techniques are established in the pharmaceutical industry for diverse API types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of microencapsulation technologies for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).
  • To analyze the processes, matrices, and recent applications of different microencapsulation methods.
  • To evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of these technologies in enhancing API efficacy and minimizing side effects.

Main Methods:

  • Categorization of APIs based on molecular complexity: small, medium, and living microorganisms.
  • Review of common microencapsulation techniques including emulsion, spray drying, fluidized bed coating, and supercritical fluid encapsulation.
  • Analysis of recent advancements and applications in API microencapsulation.

Main Results:

  • Microencapsulation significantly improves API bioavailability, stability, controlled release, and taste masking.
  • Different technologies are suited for specific API types, from small molecules like Ibuprofen to complex biologics and microorganisms.
  • Comparative analysis highlights the strengths and weaknesses of each microencapsulation method for pharmaceutical applications.

Conclusions:

  • Microencapsulation is a critical technology for optimizing the performance of diverse active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).
  • The selection of an appropriate microencapsulation technique is key to maximizing therapeutic benefits and patient compliance.
  • Future research should focus on novel microencapsulation approaches for advanced drug delivery systems.