Organ dose prediction for patients undergoing radiotherapy CBCT chest examinations using artificial intelligence

To propose an artificial intelligence (AI)-based method for personalized and real-time dosimetry for chest CBCT acquisitions.

CT images from 113 patients who underwent radiotherapy treatment were collected for simulating thorax examinations using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) with the Monte Carlo technique. These simulations yielded organ dose data, used to train and validate specific AI algorithms. The efficacy of these AI algorithms was evaluated by comparing dose predictions with the actual doses derived from Monte Carlo simulations, which are the ground truth, utilizing Bland-Altman plots for this comparative analysis.

The absolute mean discrepancies between the predicted doses and the ground truth are (0.9 ± 1.3)% for bones, (1.2 ± 1.2)% for the esophagus, (0.5 ± 1.3)% for the breast, (2.5 ± 1.4)% for the heart, (2.4 ± 2.1)% for lungs, (0.8 ± 0.6)% for the skin, and (1.7 ± 0.7)% for integral. Meanwhile, the maximum discrepancies between the predicted doses and the ground truth are (14.4 ± 1.3)% for bones, (12.9 ± 1.2)% for the esophagus, (9.4 ± 1.3)% for the breast, (14.6 ± 1.4)% for the heart, (21.2 ± 2.1)% for lungs, (10.0 ± 0.6)% for the skin, and (10.5 ± 0.7)% for integral.

AI models that can make real-time predictions of the organ doses for patients undergoing CBCT thorax examinations as part of radiotherapy pre-treatment positioning were developed. The results of this study clearly show that the doses predicted by analyzed AI models are in close agreement with those calculated using Monte Carlo simulations.