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Studying Food Reward and Motivation in Humans
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Values as Motives: Implications for theory, methods, and practice.

J David Pincus1,2

  • 1Employee Benefit Research Institute, 901 D Street, SW, Suite 802, Washington, DC, 20024 , USA. jdavid.pincus@leadingindicator.com.

Integrative Psychological & Behavioral Science
|February 6, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human values are redefined as fundamental emotional needs, offering a unified motivational framework. This approach clarifies concepts across psychology and social sciences, improving theory and practice.

Keywords:
Emotional NeedsEthicsGoalsHuman ValuesMotivationValues

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Sociology
  • Anthropology
  • Ethics
  • Management

Background:

  • Human values are central to numerous disciplines but lack theoretical consensus.
  • Existing literature suffers from concept proliferation and unclear definitions.
  • Current operational definitions of values are seen as incomplete approaches to human motivation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To advocate for a reconsideration of human values.
  • To anchor values within a new psychological theory of human motivation.
  • To demonstrate that values can be distilled into a set of fundamental human emotional needs.

Main Methods:

  • Reviewing leading definitions of human values in academic and practitioner literature.
  • Distilling these definitions into a fundamental set of human emotional needs.
  • Introducing a comprehensive framework of 12 human emotional needs.

Main Results:

  • Current definitions of human values can be distilled into core human emotional needs.
  • A framework of 12 human emotional needs is proposed.
  • This motivational framework offers advantages over existing approaches.

Conclusions:

  • Embedding values within a motivational framework of emotional needs enhances theory development.
  • This approach benefits method development and practical applications.
  • Clear operational definitions derived from this framework improve clarity and utility.