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B cell immune response to human bocaviruses.

Cagatay Karaaslan1,2, Oliver Wirz1, Ge Tan1

  • 1Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.

Clinical and Experimental Allergy : Journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|February 7, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) stimulates B regulatory cells (Breg cells), inducing anti-inflammatory responses. This immune regulation by HBoV1 may explain mild disease and suggests an immunomodulatory role for the virus.

Keywords:
B cellsBreg cellsHBoV1IL‐10 signallingPBMCs

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Human bocaviruses (HBoVs) are implicated in respiratory and gastrointestinal infections.
  • The detailed immune response to HBoVs, particularly B cell responses, remains understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate B cell immune responses to Human Bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) and Human Bocavirus 2 (HBoV2).
  • To explore the immunomodulatory potential of HBoV1.

Main Methods:

  • Stimulation of immune cells with HBoV1 and HBoV2 virus-like particles (VLPs).
  • Co-stimulation experiments with HBoV1 VLPs and rhinovirus (RV).
  • Analysis using flow cytometry, transcriptomics (RNA sequencing), and luminometric immune assays.

Main Results:

  • HBoV1-VLPs significantly stimulated human B cells, especially B regulatory cells (Breg cells).
  • Increased expression of IL-10, IL-1RA, and PDL1 was observed in HBoV1-stimulated Breg cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).
  • Transcriptome analysis revealed upregulated IL-10 signaling and Breg cell markers following HBoV1-VLP stimulation.

Conclusions:

  • HBoV1 induces IL-10 signaling pathways and anti-inflammatory activity in Breg cells.
  • This HBoV1-induced immune regulation may account for the mild clinical presentation of HBoV infections.
  • HBoV1-VLPs demonstrate potential immunomodulatory effects on the human immune system.