Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 4, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Protein Structure Analysis for Drug Development
Published on: March 8, 2024
Crystals in the community and the classroom
Claire Murray1, Helen E Maynard-Casely2, Ross Harrington3
1Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom.
Crystallography, the science of crystals, is often excluded from school curricula. This article presents a simple, engaging activity using candy to teach crystallography fundamentals and its importance in science.
Area of Science:
- Science Education
- Materials Science
- Chemistry
Background:
- Crystallography is frequently omitted from school curricula due to time constraints.
- This omission hinders understanding of modern science, as crystallography is fundamental to numerous advancements and Nobel Prize-winning research.
- Crystallography is crucial for interpreting scientific papers and patents.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop an accessible and engaging activity for teaching crystallography in classrooms and public settings.
- To highlight the significance of crystal structures in scientific research and innovation.
Main Methods:
- Utilizing marshmallows or similar sweets to represent atoms and cocktail sticks for bonds.
- Demonstrating crystal structures and their properties through hands-on activities.
- Providing examples of crystal study techniques and applications.
Main Results:
- A simple, adaptable activity was created for effective crystallography education.
- The activity successfully engages learners with the principles of crystal formation and structure.
- Examples illustrate the practical relevance and applications of crystallography.
Conclusions:
- Hands-on activities using everyday materials can effectively teach complex scientific concepts like crystallography.
- Reintroducing crystallography into educational programs is vital for fostering scientific literacy and future innovation.
- This activity serves as a foundation for further exploration into the diverse field of crystallography.
Related Concept Videos
Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
X-ray Crystallography
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Ionic Crystal Structures
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Polymer Classification: Crystallinity
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...

