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Related Concept Videos

Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

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In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
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DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:37

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

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In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
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Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

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In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...
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Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
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Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

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DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
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Mutations01:35

Mutations

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Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
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Arabidopsis thaliana FANCONI ANAEMIA I (FANCI) has roles in the repair of interstrand crosslinks and CRISPR-Cas9 induced DNA double strand breaks.

The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology·2025
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DNA Double Strand Break Repair Is Important for the Longevity of Primed Seeds.

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WHIRLY proteins maintain seed longevity by effects on seed oxygen signalling during imbibition.

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Seed DNA damage responses promote germination and growth in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>.

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Phosphoproteomic analysis reveals plant DNA damage signalling pathways with a functional role for histone H2AX phosphorylation in plant growth under genotoxic stress.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2025

Studying Age-dependent Genomic Instability using the S. cerevisiae Chronological Lifespan Model
08:46

Studying Age-dependent Genomic Instability using the S. cerevisiae Chronological Lifespan Model

Published on: September 29, 2011

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Seed longevity and genome damage.

Wanda Waterworth1, Atheer Balobaid1, Chris West1

  • 1Centre for Plant Sciences, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.

Bioscience Reports
|February 7, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Most crop seeds survive drying but lose viability over time. DNA repair mechanisms are key to maintaining seed longevity and germplasm preservation for agriculture.

Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Molecular genetics
  • Seed physiology

Background:

  • Seeds are vital for agriculture and ecosystems, with desiccation tolerance enabling survival through harsh conditions.
  • Seed viability declines over time, influenced by environmental factors, but the underlying biochemical and genetic determinants of longevity are less understood.

Approach:

  • This review synthesizes recent research on cellular stresses and protective mechanisms governing seed survival.
  • Focuses on the critical roles of DNA repair and response pathways in maintaining seed viability.

Key Points:

  • DNA repair and response mechanisms are crucial for prolonging embryo viability and germination potential.
  • Understanding these pathways offers insights into seed aging and longevity.
Keywords:
DNA repairSeedgenome stabilitygerminationmutationrecombination

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Combining Magnetic Sorting of Mother Cells and Fluctuation Tests to Analyze Genome Instability During Mitotic Cell Aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Combining Magnetic Sorting of Mother Cells and Fluctuation Tests to Analyze Genome Instability During Mitotic Cell Aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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Surveying Low-Cost Methods to Measure Lifespan and Healthspan in Caenorhabditis elegans
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2025

Studying Age-dependent Genomic Instability using the S. cerevisiae Chronological Lifespan Model
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Studying Age-dependent Genomic Instability using the S. cerevisiae Chronological Lifespan Model

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Combining Magnetic Sorting of Mother Cells and Fluctuation Tests to Analyze Genome Instability During Mitotic Cell Aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Combining Magnetic Sorting of Mother Cells and Fluctuation Tests to Analyze Genome Instability During Mitotic Cell Aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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Surveying Low-Cost Methods to Measure Lifespan and Healthspan in Caenorhabditis elegans
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Conclusions:

  • Identifying molecular targets for seed longevity can enhance crop resilience to climate change.
  • This knowledge is vital for effective plant germplasm preservation in seedbanks.