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Related Concept Videos

Types of Selection01:46

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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
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The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence...
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What do you think is the single most influential factor in determining with whom you become friends and whom you form romantic relationships? You might be surprised to learn that the answer is simple: the people with whom you have the most contact. This most important factor is proximity. You are more likely to be friends with people you have regular contact with. For example, there are decades of research that shows that you are more likely to become friends with people who live in your dorm,...
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The principle of natural selection posits that organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. This principle is closely intertwined with mating preferences, a key aspect of sexual selection, which evolutionary psychologists believe is driven by instincts to propagate one's genes. Such instincts significantly influence mating behaviors and preferences between genders.
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Homophily, selection, and choice in segregation models.

Bing Xu1, William A V Clark2, Maxwell Pak1

  • 1Research Institute of Economics and Management, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, Sichuan 610074, China.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|February 7, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Behavioral similarity drives neighborhood integration, challenging segregation models. However, income inequality and housing costs can hinder this integration process.

Keywords:
coordinationhomophilysegregation

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Area of Science:

  • Sociology
  • Urban Studies
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • Schelling's (1971) seminal work demonstrated how minor homophily, or the desire for like neighbors, can cause significant population segregation.
  • This segregation is often attributed to homophily based on fixed group identities (e.g., race, ethnicity).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate neighborhood dynamics when homophily is based on behavioral similarity rather than immutable group identities.
  • To determine the conditions under which integration or segregation emerges in a population with adaptive behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Agent-based modeling approach to simulate individual choices and neighborhood formation.
  • Comparative analysis of segregation models with exogenous vs. endogenous (behavioral) homophily.

Main Results:

  • Neighborhood integration is the typical outcome when homophily is based on behavioral similarity, as behaviors can adapt to the local environment.
  • Economic frictions, specifically income inequality and housing costs, significantly impede the natural tendency toward adaptation and integration, promoting segregation.

Conclusions:

  • Rethinking homophily as behavior-based, rather than identity-based, shifts the expected outcome from segregation to integration.
  • Addressing economic inequalities and housing affordability is crucial for fostering integrated communities and mitigating segregation.