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Positional skull deformities (PSD) are linked to significant neurodevelopmental delays (NDD) in young children, with boys experiencing greater delays than girls. Early monitoring and a multidisciplinary approach are crucial for affected infants.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurodevelopment
  • Craniofacial Abnormalities
  • Developmental Pediatrics

Background:

  • Positional skull deformities (PSD) are common in infants and can potentially impact neurodevelopment.
  • Assessing neurodevelopmental delays (NDD) in children with PSD is essential for early intervention.
  • Previous studies have explored links between PSD and developmental outcomes, but further data stratified by severity and gender is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate neurodevelopmental delays (NDD) in early childhood among patients with positional skull deformities (PSD).
  • To analyze the impact of PSD severity and gender on the extent of neurodevelopmental delays.
  • To provide data for early identification and management strategies for NDD in infants with PSD.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 449 children (3-59 months) diagnosed with PSD.
  • Neurodevelopmental assessment using Battelle Developmental Inventory (BDI) tests during and after cranial orthotic treatment.
  • Comparison of BDI results with anthropometric measurements, stratified by PSD diagnosis, severity, age group, and gender.

Main Results:

  • Ninety-five percent of assessed children exhibited significant NDD in at least one BDI domain.
  • Male patients demonstrated more pronounced NDD compared to female patients.
  • Specific deformities showed varying degrees of delay: brachycephaly and plagiocephaly combined (-7 mo), scaphocephaly (-3.5 mo), and plagiocephaly (-3.2 mo) at specific age ranges.

Conclusions:

  • Neurodevelopmental assessment, including BDI testing and consideration of mixed PSD classifications, is recommended for patients with positional skull deformities.
  • A coordinated team of medical specialists should monitor children diagnosed with PSD.
  • Early identification and intervention for NDD in infants with PSD are critical.