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Positional Plagiocephaly Side and Neurodevelopmental Delay: Study on 408 Infants.

Joan Pinyot¹, David Lacambra¹, Maria Garriga¹

¹Department of Pediatric Surgery, European Craniofacial Medical Center, Castellar del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.

The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

|October 17, 2024

Summary

Positional plagiocephaly (PP) is linked to neurodevelopmental delays, particularly in males. The side of flattening significantly impacts the severity and type of delay observed in young children.

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Area of Science:

Pediatric neurology
Developmental pediatrics
Craniofacial abnormalities

Background:

Positional plagiocephaly (PP) is a common condition in infants characterized by skull flattening.
Early identification and management of PP are crucial for optimal infant development.
Understanding the neurodevelopmental implications of PP is essential for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate neurodevelopmental delays in infants with positional plagiocephaly (PP).
To analyze the impact of PP severity and flattening side on neurodevelopmental outcomes.
To provide data for early childhood patient evaluation and management.

Main Methods:

A cross-sectional study assessed 408 infants (3-59 months) with PP using Battelle Developmental Inventory (BDI) tests.
Neurodevelopmental data were correlated with cranial measurements.
Results were analyzed based on flattening side, diagnosis, severity, age, and sex.

Main Results:

Significant neurodevelopmental delays were observed in over 75% of patients across both sexes.
Males showed higher rates of delay (92.2% left, 95.5% right) compared to females (76.4% left, 75.5% right).
Delays varied between 0.2 to 3 months depending on the flattening side and specific BDI domain.

Conclusions:

Neurodevelopmental delays in infants with PP can vary based on the side of flattening.
The side of plagiocephaly is a critical factor to consider during patient evaluation.
This highlights the importance of assessing neurodevelopmental status in relation to plagiocephaly presentation.