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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Surface functionalization of polyurethanes: A critical review.

Jinshuai Zhang1, Siyao Lv1, Xiaoduo Zhao2

  • 1Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai Zhongke Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Green Chemical Engineering, Yantai 264006, China.

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science
|February 8, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores surface modification techniques for polyurethanes (PUs), essential polymers in bioengineering. It details methods to improve PU biocompatibility for medical devices by reducing issues like friction and protein adsorption.

Keywords:
BioengineeringBiofunctionalityMedical devicesPolyurethanesSurface modification

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Surface Engineering

Background:

  • Synthetic polymers like polyurethanes (PUs) are vital in bioengineering and medical devices due to tunable properties and stability.
  • However, their hydrophobic surfaces cause friction, protein adsorption, and thrombosis upon blood contact.
  • Improving PU surface biofunctionality is crucial for advanced biomedical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and summarize various surface modification techniques for polyurethanes (PUs).
  • To discuss the advantages, limitations, and future prospects of these methods.
  • To provide guidance for developing surface-functionalized PUs in bioengineering and medical devices.

Main Methods:

  • Surface plasma modification
  • Surface oxidation-induced grafting polymerization
  • Isocyanate-based chemistry coupling
  • UV-induced surface grafting polymerization
  • Adhesives-assisted attachment strategy
  • Small molecules-bridge grafting
  • Solvent evaporation technique
  • Hydrogen bonding interaction

Main Results:

  • The review systematically categorizes and analyzes diverse surface modification strategies for PUs.
  • Each method's benefits and drawbacks in enhancing surface properties are evaluated.
  • The study highlights the potential of these modifications for improving biocompatibility and device performance.

Conclusions:

  • Surface modification is key to overcoming the limitations of hydrophobic polyurethanes in biomedical settings.
  • A range of techniques offers tailored solutions for enhancing PU biofunctionality.
  • This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers developing next-generation medical devices.