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Parks, Trails, and Greenways for Physical Activity: A Community Guide Systematic Economic Review.

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Investing in parks, trails, and greenways offers significant economic benefits, with financial returns outweighing intervention costs. More research is needed to fully assess cost-effectiveness for physical activity interventions.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health Economics
  • Environmental Health
  • Urban Planning

Background:

  • Park, trail, and greenway infrastructure can promote physical activity.
  • Economic evaluations are crucial for understanding the value of public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness of park, trail, and greenway infrastructure interventions.
  • To assess the economic viability of these interventions for increasing physical activity.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search from inception to February 2022.
  • Inclusion criteria: studies reporting cost-benefit or cost-effectiveness, based in high-income countries.
  • Monetary values adjusted to 2021 U.S. dollars.

Main Results:

  • Seven studies reported cost-benefit outcomes, with a median benefit-to-cost ratio of 3.1.
  • One cost-effectiveness study from the UK reported $23,254 per disability-adjusted life year averted.
  • Substantial variation in costs and benefits across studies due to infrastructure size.

Conclusions:

  • Economic benefits of park, trail, and greenway infrastructure generally exceed intervention costs.
  • Insufficient evidence exists to definitively determine the cost-effectiveness of these interventions.
  • Further research is needed to establish cost-effectiveness across diverse settings.