Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

The Auditory Ossicles

The Auditory Ossicles

The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Use of Lighted Urologic Guide Wires in Sialendoscopy: A Proof-of-Concept Study.

Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery·2026

Same author

Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills in Mastoidectomy Using 3D-Printed Temporal Bones.

The Laryngoscope·2026

Same author

Current Utilizations and Limitations of Augmented Reality in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery: A Scoping Review.

The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology·2026

Same author

ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Staging and Follow-Up of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.

Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR·2026

Same author

ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Staging and Follow-up of Gastric Cancer.

Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR·2026

Same author

An Anatomic Study of the Human Glenoid Fossa: Implications for Preoperative Evaluation of Bone Loss in Patients With Traumatic Shoulder Instability.

Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Discovering Middle Ear Anatomy by Transcanal Endoscopic Ear Surgery: A Dissection Manual

Discovering Middle Ear Anatomy by Transcanal Endoscopic Ear Surgery: A Dissection Manual

Published on: January 11, 2018

The 3-Dimensional Temporal Bone Dissection Manual: Operable Stepwise Models for Teaching Otologic Surgery.

Monika E Freiser^1,2, Michael Magnetta^3,4, Anish Ghodadra³

¹Department of Otolaryngology Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA.

|February 9, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces 3D-printed temporal bone models for surgical training. These operable, stepwise models allow novice surgeons to practice complex procedures like mastoidectomy in three dimensions.

Keywords:

3‐dimensional dissection manual instructional scaffolding mastoidectomy operable models residency training stepwise models task deconstruction temporal bone

More Related Videos

Step-by-Step Stapedotomy through Transcanal Exclusive Endoscopic Approach

Step-by-Step Stapedotomy through Transcanal Exclusive Endoscopic Approach

Published on: March 5, 2022

Extracting the Cochlea from a Human Temporal Bone: A Cadaveric Protocol

Extracting the Cochlea from a Human Temporal Bone: A Cadaveric Protocol

Published on: August 18, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 1, 2026

Discovering Middle Ear Anatomy by Transcanal Endoscopic Ear Surgery: A Dissection Manual

Discovering Middle Ear Anatomy by Transcanal Endoscopic Ear Surgery: A Dissection Manual

Published on: January 11, 2018

Step-by-Step Stapedotomy through Transcanal Exclusive Endoscopic Approach

Step-by-Step Stapedotomy through Transcanal Exclusive Endoscopic Approach

Published on: March 5, 2022

Extracting the Cochlea from a Human Temporal Bone: A Cadaveric Protocol

Extracting the Cochlea from a Human Temporal Bone: A Cadaveric Protocol

Published on: August 18, 2023

Area of Science:

Medical Education
Surgical Simulation
3D Printing in Medicine

Background:

Traditional surgical textbooks rely on 2D illustrations, posing challenges for novice surgeons translating them to 3D surgical procedures.
The complexity of interpreting 2D surgical guides into 3D operative steps hinders effective surgical skill acquisition.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop operable, patient-specific 3D-printed models that illustrate surgical progression in three dimensions.
To enable surgical trainees to master the final, critical steps of an operation first through hands-on practice.

Main Methods:

Five identical 3D-printed temporal bone models were utilized for stepwise mastoidectomy simulations.
Each model represented a distinct stage of the mastoidectomy procedure.
Computed tomography (CT) scanning of the drilled models generated data for creating 3D copies of each surgical step.

Main Results:

The study successfully created, scanned, and replicated stepwise, operable 3D-printed models of temporal bone surgery.
These models serve as reproducible 3D dissection guides for surgical trainees.
Trainees can repeatedly practice the mastoidectomy on these models in any sequence.

Conclusions:

This research pioneers the creation of patient-specific, 3D-printed surgical models for enhanced training.
The developed models offer a novel approach to surgical education, improving spatial understanding and procedural mastery.
This method facilitates repeated, hands-on practice, allowing trainees to gain proficiency in complex surgical steps.