Ophthalmic sequelae of prematurity in late childhood and adulthood: A review

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Neonatal Medicine
• Public Health

Background:

• Improved care for premature infants leads to increased survival into adulthood.
• Historically, ophthalmologists monitored premature infants for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).
• Emerging evidence indicates broader ophthalmic consequences of prematurity, persisting into adulthood.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the literature on long-term ophthalmic sequelae in adults born prematurely.
• To highlight that these complications can occur even in individuals without a history of ROP.
• To emphasize the need for ongoing ophthalmic surveillance in this population.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on ophthalmic outcomes in adults born prematurely.
• Synthesis of findings on anterior and posterior segment abnormalities.
• Analysis of the association between prematurity and various ocular conditions.

Main Results:

• Adults born prematurely exhibit higher rates of corneal aberrations and ocular hypertension.
• Increased prevalence of strabismus, foveal anomalies, retinal tears, and detachments observed.
• Ophthalmic sequelae can manifest in adulthood irrespective of prior ROP diagnosis.

Conclusions:

• Prematurity is associated with a spectrum of enduring ophthalmic complications.
• Lifelong eye examinations are essential for adults born prematurely.
• Regular monitoring can facilitate early detection and management of these adult-onset eye conditions.