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Targeting Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases to Improve Cancer Immunotherapies

Robert J Salmond1

  • 1Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James's, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK.

Cells
|February 9, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are key regulators in cancer and immunity. Targeting PTPs offers a promising strategy to enhance cancer immunotherapy by overcoming treatment resistance and improving patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, but many cancers remain resistant.
  • Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are critical regulators of both cancer cell biology and immune responses.
  • Identifying novel targets is crucial to expand the benefits of cancer immunotherapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the dual role of non-receptor PTPs in cancer (pro-tumorigenic and tumor-suppressor).
  • To discuss PTPs as intracellular immune checkpoints that limit anti-tumor immunity.
  • To highlight PTPs as potential therapeutic targets for improving cancer immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on PTPs in cancer and immunology.
  • Analysis of data on the function of non-receptor PTPs in tumor cells and the immune system.
  • Summary of recent advancements in developing PTP inhibitors for cancer treatment.

Main Results:

  • Non-receptor PTPs exhibit both pro-tumorigenic and tumor-suppressor functions in cancer.
  • Several PTPs function as intracellular immune checkpoints, suppressing anti-tumor immunity.
  • Targeting inhibitory PTPs can enhance adoptive T cell-based immunotherapies.

Conclusions:

  • Modulating PTP activity presents a viable strategy to overcome resistance in cancer immunotherapy.
  • PTP inhibitors are emerging as a promising class of anti-cancer drugs.
  • Further research into PTPs will likely yield new therapeutic avenues for cancer treatment.
Keywords:
T cellscancer immunotherapycell signallingoncogeneprotein tyrosine phosphatase (non-receptor type)tumour suppressor

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