Combined effects of neuroticism and negative emotional context on spontaneous EEG dynamics

Neuroticism is a personality trait with great clinical relevance, defined as a tendency to experience negative affect, sustained self-generated negative thoughts and impaired emotion regulation. Here, we investigated spontaneous brain dynamics in the aftermath of negative emotional events and their links with neuroticism in order to shed light on the prolonged activity of large-scale brain networks associated with the control of affect. We recorded electroencephalography (EEG) from 36 participants who were asked to rest after watching neutral or fearful video clips. Four topographic maps (i.e. microstates classes A, B, C and D) explained the majority of the variance in spontaneous EEG. Participants showed greater presence of microstate D and lesser presence of microstate C following exposure to fearful stimuli, pointing to changes in attention- and introspection-related networks previously associated with these microstates. These emotional effects were more pronounced for participants with low neuroticism. Moreover, neuroticism scores were positively correlated with microstate C and negatively correlated with microstate D, regardless of previous emotional stimulation. Our results reveal distinctive effects of emotional context on resting-state EEG, consistent with a prolonged impact of negative affect on the brain, and suggest a possible link with neuroticism.