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Dietary Patterns and Hypothyroidism in U.S. Adult Population
Dana Alkhatib1, Zumin Shi1, Vijay Ganji2
1Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar.
Nutrients
|February 10, 2024
Summary
Dietary patterns rich in fats, processed grains, sugars, and meats, or oils and lean meats, may reduce hypothyroidism risk in U.S. adults. A diet emphasizing fruits and vegetables showed no significant association with thyroid function.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Nutritional Science
- Public Health
Background:
- Thyroid hormones regulate essential bodily functions.
- Hypothyroidism results from insufficient thyroid hormone production.
- Limited evidence exists on dietary patterns' impact on hypothyroidism in the U.S. population.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between dietary patterns and hypothyroidism in U.S. adults.
- To identify specific dietary patterns linked to thyroid function.
- To address the gap in research on diet and hypothyroidism.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2007-2012 (n=8317).
- Defined hypothyroidism based on serum thyroid stimulating hormone levels or levothyroxine use.
- Employed factor analysis to identify dietary patterns and logistic regression for association analysis.
Main Results:
- Two dietary patterns, 'fat-processed grains-sugars-meats' (FPSM) and 'oils-nuts-potatoes-low-fat meats' (ONPL), were inversely associated with hypothyroidism (OR 0.75, p=0.049; OR 0.81, p=0.025).
- The 'fruits-whole grains-vegetables-dairy' (FWVD) pattern showed no significant association with hypothyroidism (p=0.63).
- Covariates included age, sex, race/ethnicity, BMI, and lifestyle factors.
Conclusions:
- Specific dietary patterns (FPSM and ONPL) are associated with a reduced risk of hypothyroidism in U.S. adults.
- The FWVD dietary pattern was not associated with hypothyroidism.
- Nutrient deficiencies and their interactions may play a role in hypothyroidism development.
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