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Segmenting hypothalamic subunits in human newborn magnetic resonance imaging data.

Jerod M Rasmussen1,2, Yun Wang3,4, Alice M Graham5

  • 1Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.

Human Brain Mapping
|February 10, 2024
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Summary

A new automated MRI segmentation tool, segATLAS, accurately maps the newborn hypothalamus. This validated pipeline enables crucial research into early brain development and its impact on lifelong health.

Keywords:
MRIgrowthhypothalamusinfantnewbornsegmentationsubunit

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Medical Image Analysis

Background:

  • Inter-individual variation in newborn hypothalamic structure is linked to the intrauterine environment and future disease risk.
  • Current methods for automatic newborn hypothalamus segmentation are limited, hindering scientific progress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel registration-based pipeline (segATLAS) for automatic segmentation of the newborn hypothalamus and its subunits.
  • To compare the performance of segATLAS against existing adult-focused tools (segFS) and manual segmentations (segMAN).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized T1-/T2-weighted MRI data from 215 healthy full-term infants across four sites.
  • Compared segATLAS and segFS outputs against segMAN using Dice Similarity Coefficients (DSCs).
  • Assessed correlation with postmenstrual age and tested volume stability across the first year of life.

Main Results:

  • SegATLAS demonstrated superior agreement with manual segmentations (whole hypothalamus DSC: 0.89; subunit DSC: 0.80) compared to segFS (whole hypothalamus DSC: 0.68; subunit DSC: 0.40).
  • SegATLAS volumes showed a stronger correlation with postmenstrual age (R²=65%) than segFS (R²=40%).
  • SegATLAS volumes remained stable from birth to one year, unlike segFS volumes.

Conclusions:

  • SegATLAS is a validated, publicly available tool for segmenting the newborn hypothalamus and its subunits from MRI data.
  • This pipeline addresses a critical gap in neuroimaging research, facilitating studies on early brain development and health.
  • The tool is expected to stimulate research into the hypothalamus's role in early life health and disease trajectories.