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PBX1 as a novel master regulator in cancer: Its regulation, molecular biology, and therapeutic applications
Ting-Wan Kao1, Hsiao-Han Chen2, James Lin3
1Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan.
Abstract:
PBX1 is a critical transcription factor at the top of various cell fate-determining pathways. In cancer, PBX1 stands at the crossroads of multiple oncogenic signaling pathways and mediates responses by recruiting a broad repertoire of downstream targets. Research thus far has corroborated the involvement of PBX1 in cancer proliferation, resisting apoptosis, tumor-associated neoangiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis, immune evasion, genome instability, and dysregulating cellular metabolism. Recently, our understanding of the functional regulation of the PBX1 protein has advanced, as increasing evidence has depicted a regulatory network consisting of transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels of control mechanisms. Furthermore, accumulating studies have supported the clinical utilization of PBX1 as a prognostic or therapeutic target in cancer. Preliminary results showed that PBX1 entails vast potential as a targetable master regulator in the treatment of cancer, particularly in those with high-risk features and resistance to other therapeutic strategies. In this review, we will explore the regulation, protein-protein interactions, molecular pathways, clinical application, and future challenges of PBX1.
Insights
PBX1 is a key transcription factor involved in cancer development. This review explores its regulation, functions, and potential as a therapeutic target for various cancers.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Cancer Research
- Genetics
Background:
- PBX1 is a transcription factor crucial for cell fate.
- It plays a significant role in multiple oncogenic pathways in cancer.
- PBX1 influences cancer proliferation, apoptosis resistance, metastasis, and immune evasion.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the regulation of PBX1 at transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels.
- To explore PBX1's protein-protein interactions and molecular pathways in cancer.
- To discuss the clinical applications and future challenges of targeting PBX1 in cancer therapy.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of existing research on PBX1.
- Analysis of PBX1's role in various cancer hallmarks.
- Examination of regulatory networks and clinical data related to PBX1.
Main Results:
- PBX1 is implicated in cancer proliferation, apoptosis resistance, neoangiogenesis, EMT, metastasis, immune evasion, genome instability, and metabolic dysregulation.
- A complex regulatory network controls PBX1 function.
- PBX1 shows potential as a prognostic and therapeutic target, especially for high-risk and resistant cancers.
Conclusions:
- PBX1 is a master regulator with significant implications in cancer biology.
- Understanding PBX1's regulatory mechanisms is key to its therapeutic potential.
- PBX1 represents a promising target for novel cancer treatment strategies.
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