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The German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894) was the first to generate and detect certain types of electromagnetic waves in the laboratory. Starting in 1887, he performed a series of experiments that confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves and verified that they travel at the speed of light. Hertz used an alternating-current RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) circuit that resonated at a known frequency and connected it to a loop of wire. High voltages induced across the gap in...
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An applied magnetic field causes the electrons present in the molecule to circulate, setting up a local diamagnetic current within the molecule. The local diamagnetic current arising from circulating sigma-bonding electrons induces a magnetic field, Blocal that opposes the applied magnetic field, B0. The effective magnetic field experienced by these nuclei is given by the difference between the applied and local magnetic fields in a phenomenon called local diamagnetic shielding. Essentially,...
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External Excitation of Neurons Using Electric and Magnetic Fields in One- and Two-dimensional Cultures
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Any-nucleus distributed active programmable transmit coil.

Victor Han1, Charlie P Reeder1, Miriam Hernández-Morales1,2

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|February 11, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel Any-nucleus Distributed Active Programmable Transmit Coil (ADAPT Coil) enables magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of any nucleus, not just hydrogen-1. This breakthrough allows for broader biological and medical research using MRI technology.

Keywords:
GaNRF coilX‐nucleimultinuclear

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Most current Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) relies on a single nucleus, hydrogen-1 (¹H).
  • Numerous biologically relevant nuclei exist, offering potential for advanced research.
  • Existing MRI technology is limited in its ability to image diverse nuclei.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a single transmit coil capable of exciting arbitrary nuclei for human-scale MRI.
  • To overcome the limitations of current MRI technology in multi-nuclear imaging.
  • To facilitate the imaging of biologically relevant nuclei beyond ¹H.

Main Methods:

  • Introduction of the Any-nucleus Distributed Active Programmable Transmit Coil (ADAPT Coil).
  • Integration of fast switches for operation at any relevant frequency.
  • Direct conversion of direct current (DC) power to radiofrequency (RF) magnetic fields, controlled digitally.
  • Segmentation of the coil to mitigate semiconductor switch imperfections.

Main Results:

  • Circuit simulations confirmed the ADAPT Coil's effectiveness.
  • A 9 cm diameter surface ADAPT Coil was successfully implemented.
  • Phantom images of ¹H, ²³Na, ²H, and ¹³C were acquired.
  • Ex vivo images of ¹H and ²³Na were obtained.
  • Real-time reprogramming of nuclei excitation was achieved by altering digital control signals.

Conclusions:

  • The ADAPT Coil offers a cost-effective, scalable, and efficient method for exciting arbitrary nuclei in MRI.
  • This technology enables streamlined multi-nuclear MRI workflows.
  • It opens avenues for studying dozens of biologically relevant nuclei, advancing medical research.