Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Role of Shaping in Operant Conditioning01:19

Role of Shaping in Operant Conditioning

320
Shaping is a technique used in operant conditioning to train complex behaviors by rewarding successive approximations toward the target behavior. This method is necessary because organisms are unlikely to perform complex behaviors spontaneously. Instead, shaping breaks down the desired behavior into small, manageable steps.
The steps involved in shaping begin with reinforcing any response that resembles the desired behavior. For example, parents might praise a child for picking up one toy. As...
320
Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory01:22

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

212
Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of...
212
Mnemonic Devices01:23

Mnemonic Devices

79
Mnemonic devices are cognitive tools that facilitate memory retention by linking new information to familiar patterns or organizational strategies. These techniques are beneficial for remembering complex or lengthy sets of information by simplifying and structuring them in easily retrievable ways.
Acronyms
Acronyms are created by using the initial letters of a series of words to form a new word or phrase. This approach condenses complex information into a single, memorable entity. For example,...
79
Elaborative Rehearsals01:07

Elaborative Rehearsals

86
Elaborative rehearsal is a crucial cognitive strategy that strengthens information encoding in long-term memory by making meaningful connections between new data and pre-existing knowledge. This approach contrasts with maintenance rehearsal, which involves simple repetition without delving into the significance of the information. While maintenance rehearsal might temporarily keep information active in short-term memory, it is less effective for long-term retention.
The effectiveness of...
86
Understanding Memory01:19

Understanding Memory

308
Memory is the retention of information or experiences over time, facilitated through three main processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding is the process of inputting information into the memory system. For instance, when listening to a lecture, watching a play, reading a book, or having a conversation, the brain is actively encoding information. This initial stage involves transforming sensory input into a form that can be processed and stored by the brain. Various factors, such as...
308
Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

2.8K
Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when...
2.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Tinnitus.

Nature reviews. Disease primers·2026
Same author

Objective data-driven personalised approach to diagnosis of chronic tinnitus: the Tinnitus Detection (TIDE) project - protocol for the identification and validation of a biomarker for tinnitus.

BMJ open·2026
Same author

Long Exhalations as Complementary Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Pilot Study.

Journal of clinical medicine·2025
Same author

Social exposome and brain health outcomes of dementia across Latin America.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Auditory illusory models as proxies to investigate bottom-up and top-down neural networks of phantom perception.

Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)·2025
Same author

Empirically Integrating the Evidence for Different Predictive Coding Components Using Auditory False Perception.

Human brain mapping·2025
Same journal

The Geometric Signatures of Brain State Transitions: Recursive Informational Curvature Reveals Hidden Dynamics in Primate Cortex.

Neuroscience insights·2026
Same journal

Neuromodulation of Working Memory: Mechanisms, Targets, and Behavioral Outcomes.

Neuroscience insights·2026
Same journal

Effects of Sex, Estradiol, and Acute Stress on Spontaneous Recovery of a Conditioned Touchscreen Response in Rats.

Neuroscience insights·2026
Same journal

Activity and State-Dependent Modulation of Salt Taste Behavior Via Pharyngeal Neurons in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>.

Neuroscience insights·2026
Same journal

Mature Schwann Cells Derived From Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Promote Peripheral Nerve Regeneration In Vivo.

Neuroscience insights·2026
Same journal

Re-Examination and Extension of Manual Dexterity Behavioral Data in M1 Lesioned Adult Macaque Monkeys: A Survey of Therapies Induced Enhancement of Functional Recovery.

Neuroscience insights·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2025

Study Motor Skill Learning by Single-pellet Reaching Tasks in Mice
06:04

Study Motor Skill Learning by Single-pellet Reaching Tasks in Mice

Published on: March 4, 2014

21.0K

Let's Shape Learning Into Lasting Memories.

Sven Vanneste1,2,3

  • 1School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

Neuroscience Insights
|February 12, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Non-invasive electrical stimulation of the greater occipital nerve enhances episodic memory consolidation by activating brain pathways. This method offers a non-pharmaceutical approach for memory improvement with potential therapeutic applications.

Keywords:
Learningelectrical stimulationgreater occipital nervelocus coeruleusmemory

More Related Videos

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
06:35

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

34.0K
Automated Visual Cognitive Tasks for Recording Neural Activity Using a Floor Projection Maze
11:15

Automated Visual Cognitive Tasks for Recording Neural Activity Using a Floor Projection Maze

Published on: February 20, 2014

13.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2025

Study Motor Skill Learning by Single-pellet Reaching Tasks in Mice
06:04

Study Motor Skill Learning by Single-pellet Reaching Tasks in Mice

Published on: March 4, 2014

21.0K
Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
06:35

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

34.0K
Automated Visual Cognitive Tasks for Recording Neural Activity Using a Floor Projection Maze
11:15

Automated Visual Cognitive Tasks for Recording Neural Activity Using a Floor Projection Maze

Published on: February 20, 2014

13.1K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Neuromodulation

Background:

  • Non-invasive electrical stimulation effects are linked to transcutaneous stimulation of the greater occipital nerve.
  • This pathway influences memory consolidation by connecting peripheral nerves to the brain.
  • Previous research highlights the role of the locus coeruleus (LC) pathway in memory stabilization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide insights into enhancing episodic memory through transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the greater occipital nerve (NITESGON).
  • To discuss the mechanism of NITESGON in memory consolidation and its relation to behavioural tagging.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of NITESGON for neurological conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized non-invasive transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the greater occipital nerve (NITESGON).
  • Employed resting-state functional MRI to assess connectivity between the locus coeruleus (LC) pathway and the hippocampus.
  • Analyzed the impact of NITESGON on episodic memory consolidation and immediate learning.

Main Results:

  • NITESGON enhances episodic memory consolidation.
  • It promotes communication between the LC pathway and the hippocampus.
  • NITESGON improves memory stabilization but does not affect immediate learning.

Conclusions:

  • NITESGON is a promising non-pharmaceutical intervention for enhancing memory stabilization.
  • The mechanism involves activating memory consolidation pathways, potentially through behavioural tagging.
  • NITESGON shows potential therapeutic applications for conditions like Alzheimer's disease and ADHD.