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Updated: May 7, 2026
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A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication
Published on: June 26, 2014
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Hepatitis C Virus Testing, Infection, and Cases Reported Through Public Health Surveillance During Expanded Screening
Kathleen N Ly1, Justin K Niles2, Ruth B Jiles1
1Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Public Health Reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)
|February 12, 2024
Summary
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing increased significantly from 2013-2021, indicating improved screening efforts. Despite declining positivity rates, surveillance data is crucial for monitoring HCV elimination progress.
Area of Science:
- Hepatology and Infectious Diseases
- Public Health Surveillance
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a significant public health concern as the most common bloodborne infection in the US.
- Monitoring trends in HCV testing, infection, and case reporting is essential for assessing progress towards elimination goals.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess trends in HCV testing, antibody and RNA positivity, and surveillance case reporting among US adults from 2013 to 2021.
- To evaluate the effectiveness of screening strategies and identify demographic shifts in HCV infection.
Main Methods:
- Utilized Quest Diagnostics data (2013-2021) for HCV antibody and RNA testing trends.
- Analyzed National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System data (2013-2020) for hepatitis C case trends.
- Employed joinpoint regression to analyze temporal trends in testing and infection rates.
Main Results:
- HCV antibody testing surged from 1.7 to 4.8 million annually; positivity proportion declined from 5.5% to 3.7%.
- HCV RNA positivity decreased from approximately 60% (2013-2015) to 41.0% (2021), with shifts in age demographics.
- Reported hepatitis C cases declined overall, but the proportion among younger adults (18-39 years) increased.
Conclusions:
- Increased HCV testing suggests enhanced universal screening protocols.
- Diverse data sources are vital for comprehensive monitoring of HCV elimination efforts.
- Shifting demographics in HCV positivity highlight the need for targeted interventions.
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