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Updated: Jul 3, 2025

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis

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Published on: November 9, 2011

A novel model of divergent predictive perception.

Reshanne R Reeder¹, Giovanni Sala¹, Tessa M van Leeuwen^2,3

¹Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom.

Neuroscience of Consciousness

|February 13, 2024

Summary

Predictive processing theories suggest reality perception balances expectations and sensory input. Imbalances can cause divergent experiences like hallucinations or synesthesia, influenced by prior beliefs, sensory confidence, and mental imagery ability.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Neuroscience
Psychology
Psychiatry

Background:

Predictive processing theories posit subjective reality arises from balancing prior expectations and sensory evidence.
Divergent perceptual experiences, such as hallucinations and synesthesia, may stem from imbalances in this predictive processing.
Existing models lack a unified framework to explain the spectrum of divergent experiences.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose a novel theoretical model integrating predictive processing and psychological principles.
To explain the mechanisms underlying divergent perceptual experiences, including psychosis and synesthesia.
To identify key factors predicting the manifestation and characteristics of these experiences.

Main Methods:

Theoretical modeling integrating predictive processing and psychological principles.
Analysis of factors including prior beliefs, sensory confidence, and mental imagery ability.
Formulation of predictions using nonparametric regression modeling.

Main Results:

Proposed that maladaptive priors combined with low sensory confidence can lead to psychosis-like symptoms.
Proposed that maladaptive sensory priors with high sensory confidence can result in synesthesia-like experiences.
Hypothesized that mental imagery ability modulates the sensory richness of divergent experiences.

Conclusions:

Divergent perceptual experiences can be predicted by considering maladaptive prior use, sensory confidence levels, and mental imagery ability.
This theoretical framework offers a unified approach to understanding a range of divergent experiences in clinical and general populations.
The model generates testable predictions for future empirical research in cognitive neuroscience and psychiatry.