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Dissecting host-microbiome interaction effects on phytoplankton microbiome composition and diversity.

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Summary

Phytoplankton and bacteria interactions shape aquatic microbiomes. Dynamic feedback between hosts and microbes influences bacterial community assembly, impacting aquatic ecosystems.

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Area of Science:

Microbial ecology
Aquatic microbiology
Phytoplankton-bacteria interactions

Background:

Phytoplankton and their associated bacterial microbiomes are crucial for aquatic ecosystem functions.
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) released by phytoplankton shapes these microbiomes.
The dynamic interplay between phytoplankton and bacteria in shaping microbiome assembly requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the influence of innate host selection and host-microbiome feedback on phytoplankton bacterial microbiome formation.
To determine how varying ratios of these two interaction mechanisms affect bacterial community assembly.
To elucidate the distinct roles of host properties and microbial influence on microbiome composition.

Main Methods:

Extraction of the microbiome associated with the phytoplankton species Chlorella sorokiniana.
Experimental exposure of the extracted microbiome to six different ratios of innate host selection and host-microbiome feedback.
Analysis of bacterial community composition across the experimental gradient.

Main Results:

Bacterial microbiome composition significantly shifted across the tested ratios of host-microbiome interaction mechanisms.
The highest compositional divergence was observed between communities experiencing the strongest and weakest ratios of the two mechanisms.
Combined selective forces (both mechanisms) increased bacterial community richness, whereas host-microbiome feedback alone decreased evenness.

Conclusions:

Both innate host selection and host-microbiome feedback are significant drivers of bacterial community assembly in phytoplankton microbiomes.
Each mechanism exerts distinct selective pressures, favoring different bacterial species.
Understanding these dynamic interactions is key to predicting microbial community structure and function in aquatic environments.