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Related Concept Videos

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The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 12, 2026

Assembly and Quantification of Co-Cultures Combining Heterotrophic Yeast with Phototrophic Sugar-Secreting Cyanobacteria
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Dissecting two contrasting phytoplankton-symbiont interaction modes based on population dynamics and gene expression

Jinny Wu Yang1,2, Vincent J Denef1

  • 1Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

Msystems
|November 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Host-microbe interactions shape microbiomes through distinct unidirectional and bidirectional modes. These modes drive different symbiont strategies, influencing microbiome assembly and host health.

Keywords:
RNA sequencingphytoplankton-bacteria interactions

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Ecology
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Microbial symbionts are crucial for host health and ecosystem dynamics.
  • Understanding host-microbe interactions is key to deciphering microbiome structure.
  • Host-microbe interactions can be simplified into unidirectional and bidirectional modes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how distinct host-microbe interaction modes (unidirectional vs. bidirectional) influence symbiont strategies and microbiome assembly.
  • To test the hypothesis that symbionts are maintained via a trade-off between utilizing host-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) or engaging in feedback interactions.
  • To examine the growth and gene expression responses of representative symbionts and their host under different interaction modes.

Main Methods:

  • Screening of symbionts isolated from the host *C. sorokiniana*.
  • Culturing and analysis of two representative symbionts (*Curvibacter* sp. and *Falsiroseomonas* sp.) and the host under axenic and co-cultured conditions.
  • Measurement of symbiont growth and host/symbiont gene expression profiles under unidirectional and bidirectional interaction modes.

Main Results:

  • *Curvibacter* sp. thrived via unidirectional interaction, utilizing host-derived DOM.
  • *Falsiroseomonas* sp. grew best via bidirectional interaction with live host cells, showing greater gene expression shifts.
  • Host response to *Falsiroseomonas* sp. included reduced growth and altered nitrogen-rich amino acid metabolism, potentially benefiting the symbiont.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct host-microbe interaction modes drive differential symbiont strategies, impacting microbiome assembly.
  • The findings explain how functionally diverse microbial assemblages are maintained within hosts.
  • Understanding these interaction modes is fundamental for microbiome research, management, and engineering.