Analysis of inherited epilepsy using single locus mutations in mice

The neurological expression of mutations at defined gene loci in isogenic mice provides a singular opportunity to investigate the developmental pathophysiology of inherited central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Analysis of the single locus mutants that are currently available shows that CNS diseases that include spontaneous seizures as symptoms can be inherited as simple recessive traits. Mutant gene dose is highly correlated with the spontaneous occurrence of seizures. Single gene defects at one of multiple chromosomal loci may give rise to similar epileptic patterns. One mutation, tottering (tg, chromosome 8, recessive) produces in young mice a focal motor seizure pattern with a somatotopic progression, and behavioral absence seizures accompanied by abnormal bursts of bilaterally synchronous, spike-wave discharges in the electrocorticogram. Spontaneous electrographic and clinical seizures of this general pattern bear close resemblance to common forms of human epilepsy. Defined alterations in restricted neuronal pathways of the mouse brain produced by single locus mutations can be used to infer general principles of inherited epileptogenesis, and may provide specific biological test systems for the development of more selective chemical antagonists of seizure activity.