Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Electron Transport Chain01:30

The Electron Transport Chain

16.7K
The electron transport chain or oxidative phosphorylation is an exothermic process in which free energy released during electron transfer reactions is coupled to ATP synthesis. This process is a significant source of energy in aerobic cells, and therefore inhibitors of the electron transport chain can be detrimental to the cell's metabolic processes.
Inhibitors of the electron transport chain
Rotenone, a widely used pesticide, prevents electron transfer from Fe-S cluster to ubiquinone or Q...
16.7K
Electron Transport Chains01:28

Electron Transport Chains

98.4K
The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
The ETC is comprised of...
98.4K
Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

13.3K
The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
13.3K
Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV01:43

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV

7.5K
During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
7.5K
The Supercomplexes in the Crista Membrane01:41

The Supercomplexes in the Crista Membrane

2.5K
The mitochondrial cristae membrane is the primary site for the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) process of energy conversion mediated through respiratory complexes I to V. These complexes have been widely studied for decades, and it has been proven that they form supramolecular structures called respiratory supercomplexes (SC). These higher-order complexes may be crucial in maintaining the biochemical structure and improving the physiological activity of the individual complexes while...
2.5K
The Z-Scheme of Electron Transport in Photosynthesis01:34

The Z-Scheme of Electron Transport in Photosynthesis

10.1K
The light reactions of photosynthesis assume a linear flow of electrons from water to NADP+. During this process, light energy drives the splitting of water molecules to produce oxygen. However, oxidation of water molecules is a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction and requires a strong oxidizing agent. This is accomplished by the first product of light reactions: oxidized P680 (or P680+), the most powerful oxidizing agent known in biology. The oxidized P680 that acquires an electron from the...
10.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A fluorous-phase oxygen optical nanosensor for mitigating redox-active microbial metabolite interference.

The Analyst·2026
Same author

Nitric Oxide Tunes Secreted Metabolite Bioactivity.

Molecular microbiology·2026
Same author

Informational blueprints reveal condition-dependent gene regulatory architectures.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Energetic gradients emerge in developing motor-microtubule structures.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Dynamics of inducible genetic circuits.

Physical review. E·2026
Same author

Fitness advantage of sequential metabolic strategies emerges from community interactions in strongly fluctuating environments.

PLoS computational biology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2025

Electrochemical Detection of Deuterium Kinetic Isotope Effect on Extracellular Electron Transport in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1
09:00

Electrochemical Detection of Deuterium Kinetic Isotope Effect on Extracellular Electron Transport in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1

Published on: April 16, 2018

10.0K

The proteome is a terminal electron acceptor.

Avi I Flamholz1, Akshit Goyal2,3, Woodward W Fischer4

  • 1Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology; Pasadena, CA 91125.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|February 14, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Microbial metabolic flexibility allows growth on diverse nutrients. Adapting biomass redox state to nutrients drives evolution, improving organismal redox balance.

More Related Videos

An Aquatic Microbial Metaproteomics Workflow: From Cells to Tryptic Peptides Suitable for Tandem Mass Spectrometry-based Analysis
08:09

An Aquatic Microbial Metaproteomics Workflow: From Cells to Tryptic Peptides Suitable for Tandem Mass Spectrometry-based Analysis

Published on: September 15, 2015

8.8K
Characterizing Mediated Extracellular Electron Transfer in Lactic Acid Bacteria with a Three-Electrode, Two-Chamber Bioelectrochemical System
10:23

Characterizing Mediated Extracellular Electron Transfer in Lactic Acid Bacteria with a Three-Electrode, Two-Chamber Bioelectrochemical System

Published on: August 23, 2024

791

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2025

Electrochemical Detection of Deuterium Kinetic Isotope Effect on Extracellular Electron Transport in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1
09:00

Electrochemical Detection of Deuterium Kinetic Isotope Effect on Extracellular Electron Transport in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1

Published on: April 16, 2018

10.0K
An Aquatic Microbial Metaproteomics Workflow: From Cells to Tryptic Peptides Suitable for Tandem Mass Spectrometry-based Analysis
08:09

An Aquatic Microbial Metaproteomics Workflow: From Cells to Tryptic Peptides Suitable for Tandem Mass Spectrometry-based Analysis

Published on: September 15, 2015

8.8K
Characterizing Mediated Extracellular Electron Transfer in Lactic Acid Bacteria with a Three-Electrode, Two-Chamber Bioelectrochemical System
10:23

Characterizing Mediated Extracellular Electron Transfer in Lactic Acid Bacteria with a Three-Electrode, Two-Chamber Bioelectrochemical System

Published on: August 23, 2024

791

Area of Science:

  • Microbial metabolism
  • Biochemistry
  • Evolutionary biology

Background:

  • Microbial metabolism exhibits remarkable flexibility, enabling growth across diverse nutrient redox states.
  • Organisms like *E. coli* adapt physiology through fermentation and respiration to utilize varied carbon sources.

Approach:

  • Developed a mathematical model integrating redox chemistry and cellular resource allocation principles.
  • The model elucidates constraints and evolutionary consequences of metabolic flexibility.

Key Points:

  • Autotrophic growth is slower than heterotrophic due to intracellular reduced carbon production constraints.
  • Adapting biomass redox state to nutrient availability enhances microbial growth.
  • Revealed an evolutionary pathway where protein mutations optimize organismal redox balance.

Conclusions:

  • Metabolic flexibility is a key factor in microbial survival and adaptation.
  • Evolutionary pressures favor biomass redox state adaptation for enhanced growth.
  • Understanding these principles offers insights into microbial evolution and metabolic engineering.