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Incidence and risk factors for long COVID in children with COVID-19 pneumonia

Na-Bhadhra Wongwathanavikrom1, Prakarn Tovichien1, Kanokporn Udomittipong1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.

Pediatric Pulmonology
|February 14, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Nearly 40% of children experienced long COVID after pneumonia, with persistent symptoms like exercise intolerance and cough. Older children, severe cases, those with allergies, or living in polluted areas face higher risks.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Limited data exists on long COVID and pulmonary function in children post-COVID-19 pneumonia.
  • This study addresses the incidence and risk factors of long COVID in pediatric patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of long COVID in children following COVID-19 pneumonia.
  • To assess pulmonary function abnormalities in these children.
  • To identify risk factors associated with developing long COVID.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study involving children admitted with COVID-19 pneumonia between 2021-2022.
  • Clinical data collected during admission and at a 3-month follow-up.
  • Pulmonary function tests and chest radiographs were utilized.

Main Results:

  • The incidence of long COVID was 39.7%.
  • Common persistent symptoms included exercise intolerance (22.4%), cough (18.1%), and fatigue (15.5%).
  • Significant risk factors identified were older age, allergic diseases, and living in polluted areas.

Conclusions:

  • A substantial proportion of children develop long COVID after COVID-19 pneumonia.
  • Children with exercise intolerance, chronic cough, or fatigue require close monitoring.
  • Targeted attention is crucial for older children, severe cases, those with allergies, and those residing in polluted environments.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVIDchildrenincidencelong COVIDpneumoniarisk factors

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