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Stomach Histology

Stomach Histology

The stomach comprises several layers that work together to facilitate digestion and protect the organ. The outermost layer is called the serosa, which provides support and protection to the stomach. The muscularis externa layer is responsible for the mechanical breakdown of food by contracting and moving the stomach. The submucosa layer, located beneath the muscularis externa, contains connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves, and glands that secrete mucus and other substances essential for...

What is Monogastric Digestion?

What is Monogastric Digestion?

The human body contains a monogastric digestive system. In a monogastric digestive system, the stomach only contains one chamber in which it digests food. Several other animal species also have monogastric digestive systems, including pigs, horses, dogs, and birds. This chapter, however, focuses on the human digestive system.

Histology of the Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract

Histology of the Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract

The GI tract, from beginning to end, is made up of four continuous tissue layers that adjust their structure according to their specific roles. These layers, from innermost to outermost, are known as the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa, which are continuous with the mesentery.
The mucosa is sometimes called a mucous membrane due to its mucus-secreting features. This membrane is composed of epithelium, which directly interacts with ingested substances, and the lamina propria, a layer...

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Hormones Secreted by the Stomach

Enteroendocrine cells, accounting for only 1% of stomach epithelial cells, play a significant role in digestion and are classified by their digestive hormone secretions.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2025

Author Spotlight: Integrating Single-Cell Transcriptomics with Organoid Cultures for Advanced Research and Therapeutic Insights

Author Spotlight: Integrating Single-Cell Transcriptomics with Organoid Cultures for Advanced Research and Therapeutic Insights

Published on: June 28, 2024

A human stomach cell type transcriptome atlas.

S Öling¹, E Struck¹, M Noreen-Thorsen¹

¹Department of Clinical Medicine, Translational Vascular Research, The Arctic University of Norway, 9019, Tromsø, Norway.

|February 14, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified stomach cell type gene expression profiles using RNA sequencing data. This study reveals novel genes linked to gastric cancer and male-specific chief cell markers, advancing stomach biology understanding.

Keywords:

Bulk RNAseq Cell profiling Gene enrichment Stomach

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Production of Tissue Microarrays, Immunohistochemistry Staining and Digitalization Within the Human Protein Atlas

Production of Tissue Microarrays, Immunohistochemistry Staining and Digitalization Within the Human Protein Atlas

Published on: May 31, 2012

Area of Science:

Gastroenterology and Molecular Biology
Genomics and Bioinformatics

Background:

Understanding cell type-specific gene expression is crucial for human health and disease.
The stomach's unique environment and functions are not fully characterized at the cellular gene expression level.
Major single-cell sequencing atlases lack detailed stomach cell type gene enrichment profiles.

Purpose of the Study:

To predict human stomach cell type transcriptome signatures.
To identify cell type-enriched genes in the stomach.
To explore gene expression profiles related to gastric cancer and sex-specific differences.

Main Methods:

Utilized an integrative correlation analysis method.
Analyzed unfractionated stomach RNA sequencing data from 359 individuals.
Profiled multiple stomach cell types including parietal, chief, and immune cells.

Main Results:

Identified over 1600 cell type-enriched genes in the human stomach.
Characterized transcriptome signatures for parietal, chief, gastric mucous, enteroendocrine, mitotic, endothelial, fibroblast, macrophage, neutrophil, T-cell, and plasma cells.
Discovered cell type expression profiles of non-coding genes associated with gastric cancer progression.

Conclusions:

The study provides a comprehensive roadmap for understanding human stomach biology.
Identified a panel of male-only chief cell-enriched genes through sex-based subset analysis.
Uncovered novel gene expression insights relevant to gastric cancer and sex-specific stomach cell functions.