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Prefrontal projections modulate recurrent circuitry in the insular cortex to support short-term memory.

Jian Yao1, Ruiqing Hou2, Hongmei Fan2

  • 1Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 200031, China.

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Summary

Long-range brain connections from the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) to the anterior agranular insular cortex (aAIC) are crucial for short-term memory (STM). Modulating these mPFC-aAIC pathways directly impacts memory performance and neural communication.

Keywords:
CP: Neuroscienceanterior insular cortexdelay-related activityfunctional couplingmedial prefrontal cortexoptogeneticsshort-term memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Systems Neuroscience

Background:

  • Short-term memory (STM) relies on neural circuits, but the interplay between long-range and local connections is not fully understood.
  • The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and anterior agranular insular cortex (aAIC) are implicated in memory tasks, yet their specific interaction in STM remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of long-range projections from the mPFC to the aAIC in supporting short-term memory encoding.
  • To determine how these projections influence neural activity, functional connectivity, and information transfer within the aAIC during an olfactory delayed-response task.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized optogenetics and electrophysiology in head-fixed mice performing an olfactory delayed-response task.
  • Analyzed spike-correlogram data to assess functional coupling (FC) between memory neurons.
  • Manipulated mPFC-aAIC projections via optogenetics (suppression and excitation) to observe effects on behavior and neural activity.

Main Results:

  • Optogenetic suppression of mPFC-aAIC projections impaired behavioral performance, reduced the proportion of memory neurons, and decreased memory-specific FC within the aAIC.
  • Optogenetic excitation of these projections enhanced behavioral performance, increased memory neurons, and strengthened memory-specific FC.
  • mPFC-aAIC projections bidirectionally modulated the efficacy of STM information transfer to downstream neurons.

Conclusions:

  • Long-range projections from the mPFC to the aAIC play a critical role in supporting short-term memory encoding.
  • These prefrontal projections actively modulate insular neuronal functional connectivity and memory-coding capacity.
  • The findings elucidate a key mechanism by which prefrontal-insular interactions contribute to short-term memory.