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What is Metabolism?

What is Metabolism?

Overview of Metabolism

Overview of Metabolism

Living cells constantly carry out various chemical reactions which are necessary for their proper functioning. These reactions are interlinked to one another via multiple pathways. The collection of these chemical reactions is known as metabolism.
Plant Metabolism
Sunlight, the primary source of energy in plants, is first absorbed by the chlorophyll pigments present in their leaves. Plants then use this energy to carry out photosynthesis, where water is oxidized into oxygen and carbon dioxide...

Regulation of Metabolism

Regulation of Metabolism

Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...

Overview of Protein Metabolism

Overview of Protein Metabolism

Proteins are broken down into amino acids during digestion. Unlike fats and carbohydrates, which are stored for later use, proteins are not. Instead, amino acids are either used to produce ATP through oxidation or contribute to the creation of new proteins for the growth and repair of the body. Any surplus amino acids from the diet are converted into glucose or triglycerides rather than excreted.
Amino acids play various roles in the body once they are absorbed into cells. They are restructured...

Metabolic States of the Body: The Postabsorptive State

Metabolic States of the Body: The Postabsorptive State

The postabsorptive state usually starts about four hours after a meal and lasts until the next meal is eaten. During this time, the digestive system stops absorbing nutrients, and the body uses stored energy reserves to maintain stable blood glucose levels.
Initially, glycogen stored in the liver is broken down to release glucose into the bloodstream, while glycogen in the muscles is broken down to supply glucose for energy directly within the muscle cells. As glycogen stores diminish,...

Introduction to Metabolism

Introduction to Metabolism

Metabolism encompasses all biochemical reactions in a living organism, facilitating both the breakdown and synthesis of biomolecules. These metabolic processes are categorized into catabolic and anabolic pathways, which operate in a coordinated manner to ensure energy balance and cellular function.Catabolic Pathways and Energy ReleaseCatabolic pathways involve the breakdown of complex macromolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins into smaller structures like monosaccharides, fatty...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Large Scale Non-targeted Metabolomic Profiling of Serum by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry UPLC-MS

Large Scale Non-targeted Metabolomic Profiling of Serum by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry UPLC-MS

Published on: March 14, 2013

An exercise physiologist's guide to metabolomics.

Daniel J Owens¹, Samuel Bennett²

¹Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Science (RISES), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.

Experimental Physiology

|February 15, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Metabolomics offers a comprehensive analysis of metabolites during exercise, advancing exercise physiology research. This review guides researchers in leveraging these powerful techniques for better study design and interpretation.

Keywords:

exercise physiology metabolism metabolomics

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Published on: July 11, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Large Scale Non-targeted Metabolomic Profiling of Serum by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry UPLC-MS

Large Scale Non-targeted Metabolomic Profiling of Serum by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry UPLC-MS

Published on: March 14, 2013

A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics

A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics

Published on: May 27, 2014

Multi-step Preparation Technique to Recover Multiple Metabolite Compound Classes for In-depth and Informative Metabolomic Analysis

Multi-step Preparation Technique to Recover Multiple Metabolite Compound Classes for In-depth and Informative Metabolomic Analysis

Published on: July 11, 2014

Area of Science:

Exercise Physiology
Metabolomics
Bioinformatics

Background:

Exercise physiology historically relied on single-metabolite analyses.
Technological advancements have enabled comprehensive metabolite profiling in biological systems.
Metabolomics provides a detailed 'fingerprint' of cellular activity during exercise.

Purpose of the Study:

To review key technological and bioinformatic advancements in metabolomics for exercise physiology.
To guide exercise physiologists in research design, data analysis, and interpretation within metabolomics.
To highlight the potential of metabolomics in linking genotype to phenotype.

Main Methods:

Review of technological advancements in metabolite analysis, including mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Discussion of bioinformatic approaches for analyzing complex metabolomic data.
Introduction to fluxomics for quantifying metabolic reaction rates.

Main Results:

Metabolomics offers a broader analytical spectrum than traditional methods.
Advanced techniques enhance the speed and sensitivity of metabolite detection.
Challenges in study design and data interpretation within metabolomics persist.

Conclusions:

Metabolomics is a powerful tool for understanding metabolic pathways in exercise.
Careful study design and technique selection are crucial for meaningful insights.
Understanding the broader scientific context is essential for interpreting metabolic changes.
Fluxomics represents a promising future direction in exercise metabolism research.