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Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response01:15

Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response

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Circadian rhythms are cyclic changes that are crucial in plasma drug concentrations. Various standard circadian parameters, including core body temperature, heart rate, and other cardiovascular factors, directly impact disease states and the therapeutic response to drug therapy.
The time of drug administration is an important factor to consider, as it can influence the toxic dose of a drug. For example, a study conducted by Prins et al. in 1997 examined the effects of the timing of...
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Positive Regulator Molecules02:39

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Mitotic cell division results in daughter cells that exactly resemble the parent cell. However, errors in the DNA replication or distribution of genetic material may lead to genetic mutations that may be passed down to every new cell formed from the resulting abnormal cell. Propagation of such mutant cells is restricted through checkpoint mechanisms present at different stages of the cell cycle. These checkpoints involve regulator molecules that either promote or demote cell cycle events.
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Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses02:45

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The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
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mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
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What is Cancer?02:12

What is Cancer?

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Cells and tissues must meticulously coordinate their activities for the normal functioning of the human body. Therefore, they exhibit socially responsible behavior - resting, growing, dividing, differentiating, or dying - for the organism’s benefit. Cancer arises when cells divide uncontrollably and invade other tissues or organs.
Although people have known about cancer for centuries, it was only in 1761 that Giovanni Morgagni of Padua performed a detailed autopsy of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

In Vitro Bioluminescence Assay to Characterize Circadian Rhythm in Mammary Epithelial Cells
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In Vitro Bioluminescence Assay to Characterize Circadian Rhythm in Mammary Epithelial Cells

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When Clocks Go Rogue: Circadian Rhythms and the Rise of Cancer.

Anestacia S Robinson1,2, Samuel Bennett2,3, Shogo Sato1,2

  • 1Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.

Journal of Biological Rhythms
|January 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary

The circadian clock influences cancer development and progression by affecting tumor microenvironment and immune surveillance. Chronotherapy, or timing cancer treatments with biological rhythms, shows promise for enhancing treatment efficacy.

Keywords:
cancercancer hallmarkschronotherapycircadian clockcircadian disruptionimmunotherapytumor microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Chronobiology
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • The circadian clock, a 24-hour internal timekeeping system, regulates physiological processes and is disrupted by modern lifestyle factors.
  • Disrupted circadian rhythms are linked to increased cancer risk and disease progression.
  • The circadian clock plays a role in tumorigenesis and represents a target for novel cancer therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of the circadian clock in regulating cancer hallmarks.
  • To emphasize the impact of the circadian system on the tumor microenvironment and immune surveillance.
  • To highlight the translational potential of circadian-informed cancer therapies (chronotherapies).

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of preclinical and clinical studies.
  • Analysis of circadian regulation mechanisms across diverse cancer types.
  • Integration of mechanistic insights with translational applications in oncology.

Main Results:

  • The circadian clock significantly influences cancer hallmarks, including tumor microenvironment modulation.
  • Circadian rhythms impact immune cell dynamics, affecting tumor progression and immune surveillance.
  • Chronotherapy, by aligning treatments with biological rhythms, can enhance therapeutic efficacy, including immunotherapy responses.

Conclusions:

  • The circadian clock is a critical factor in cancer development and progression.
  • Understanding circadian regulation within the tumor microenvironment is key for developing effective cancer therapies.
  • Chronobiology offers a promising framework for future cancer treatment strategies.