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Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome II: A Case Report
Olfat Awad1, Hadil Basma2, Rim Masri2
1Department of Nephrology, Lebanese University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Beirut, LBN.
Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome II (APS-II), or Schmidt syndrome, involves multiple autoimmune conditions. Early diagnosis is crucial for patients with existing autoimmune diseases to identify potential adrenal insufficiency.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Immunology
- Genetics
Background:
- Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome II (APS-II), also known as Schmidt syndrome, is a rare endocrine disorder.
- It is characterized by autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) and autoimmune thyroid disease or type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
- APS-II results from a combination of genetic and non-genetic factors.
Observation:
- A 60-year-old female patient with a history of T1DM and Hashimoto's thyroiditis presented with hyponatremia.
- Further investigations revealed adrenal insufficiency (AI).
Findings:
- The patient was diagnosed with APS-II, presenting the full triad of the syndrome.
- This case highlights the importance of considering AI in patients with multiple autoimmune conditions.
Implications:
- Early recognition and diagnosis of APS-II are vital for timely management.
- This case underscores the need for comprehensive autoimmune screening in patients with established autoimmune diseases.
- Further research into the genetic and non-genetic factors contributing to APS-II is warranted.
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