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Related Concept Videos

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Decongestants01:27

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Decongestants

226
Decongestants are a class of medications used primarily to alleviate nasal congestion, a common symptom resulting from allergies, colds, sinusitis, and other upper respiratory tract infections. These drugs work by activating α-adrenergic receptors, constricting small blood vessels in the nasal membranes. This action results in the opening of clogged nasal passages, thereby facilitating sinus drainage and relieving congestion.
Most decongestants are readily available over-the-counter in...
226
Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

248
Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
248
Suctioning the Nasopharyngeal Airway01:29

Suctioning the Nasopharyngeal Airway

417
Nasopharyngeal suctioning is a procedure to remove secretions from the upper part of the respiratory tract that the patient cannot clear independently. It helps maintain airway patency and prevents complications such as aspiration pneumonia.
Equipment Required
417
Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics01:23

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics

285
Respiratory symptoms, such as congestion and cough, commonly accompany respiratory tract conditions. Various medications, such as antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics, play crucial roles in providing relief.
Antitussives include codeine, dextromethorphan (Robitussin), and benzonatate (Tessalon). Codeine and dextromethorphan exert their effects centrally by suppressing the cough reflex center in the medulla.  Benzonatate operates peripherally within the respiratory tract by...
285
Tracheostomy Decannulation01:21

Tracheostomy Decannulation

164
Tracheostomy decannulation is a significant milestone in the liberation of mechanically ventilated patients. Despite its importance, there is no universally accepted protocol for this procedure. This demands an evidence-based, individualized approach.
Description of the Procedure
Decannulation refers to the permanent removal of the tracheostomy tube, signaling the resolution of the condition that initially necessitated the tracheostomy. The process requires a well-coordinated interplay between...
164
Epistaxis01:30

Epistaxis

151
Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, occurs when small, swollen blood vessels in the nasal mucous membrane rupture. Typically, the anterior septum is the primary site of occurrence.
Etiology
Possible causes of this condition include high blood pressure, trauma, low humidity, upper respiratory tract infections, allergies, foreign bodies, nasal inhalation of corticosteroids or illicit drugs, excessive use of decongestant nasal sprays, facial or nasal surgery, anatomic malformation, tumors, or systemic...
151

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2025

Label-free Neutrophil Enrichment from Patient-derived Airway Secretion Using Closed-loop Inertial Microfluidics
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Decongestion (instead of ultrafiltration?).

Art Schuermans1, Frederik H Verbrugge2,3

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven.

Current Opinion in Cardiology
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Combination diuretic therapies offer effective decongestion for acute heart failure (AHF). Early use of disease-modifying drugs and diuretics like acetazolamide can improve outcomes and shorten hospital stays.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Acute heart failure (AHF) management relies heavily on decongestion.
  • Loop diuretics are the standard treatment, but novel strategies are emerging.

Approach:

  • Review of contemporary evidence on decongestion strategies in AHF.
  • Analysis of randomized clinical trials on diuretic combinations and novel agents.

Key Points:

  • Early combination therapy with loop diuretics and other agents (e.g., mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, SGLT2 inhibitors, acetazolamide) shows promise.
  • Acetazolamide can accelerate decongestion and potentially reduce hospitalization length.
  • Thiazide-like diuretics are useful for overcoming diuretic resistance.
  • Ultrafiltration is typically reserved for refractory cases.

Conclusions:

  • Combination diuretic therapy is effective and safe for AHF decongestion.
  • While improving quality of life and potentially shortening hospital stays, current strategies have not yet demonstrated reductions in mortality or heart failure readmissions.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the role of ultrafiltration in AHF.