On the fatigue life of dental implants: Numerical and experimental investigation on configuration effect

Dental implants have seen widespread and successful use in recent years. Given their long-term application and the critical role of geometry in determining fracture and fatigue characteristics, fatigue assessments are of utmost importance for implant systems. In this study, nine dental implant system samples were subjected to testing in accordance with ISO 14801 standards. The tests included static evaluations to assess ultimate loads and fatigue tests conducted under loads of 270 N and 230 N at a frequency of 15 Hz, aimed at identifying fatigue failure locations and fatigue life. Fatigue life predictions and related calculations were carried out using Fe-safe software. The initial model featured a 22° angle for both the fixture and abutment. Subsequently, variations in abutment angles at 21° and 23° were considered while keeping the fixture angle at 22°. In the next phase, the fixture and abutment angles were set as identical, at 21° and 23°. The results unveiled that when the angles of the abutment and fixture matched, stress values decreased, and fatigue life increased. Conversely, models featuring abutment angles of 21° and 23°, with a 22° angle for the fixture, led to a 49.1 % increase in stress and a 36.9 % decrease in fatigue life compared to the primary model. Notably, in the case of the implant with a 23° angle for both abutment and fixture, the fatigue life reached its highest value at 10 million cycles. Conversely, the worst-case scenario was observed in the implant with a 21° abutment angle and a 23° fixture angle, with a fatigue life of 5.49 million cycles.