Targeted muscle reinnervation in bionic upper limb reconstruction: current status and future directions

Area of Science:

• * Regenerative Medicine
• * Biomedical Engineering
• * Surgical Innovation

Background:

• * Upper limb amputation presents challenges in restoring function and managing residual limb pain.
• * Myoelectric prostheses offer functional restoration but often lack intuitive control.
• * Targeted Muscle Reinnervation (TMR) is a surgical technique to improve prosthesis control and pain management.

Purpose of the Study:

• * To review the history and current applications of TMR in upper limb amputation.
• * To discuss practical considerations for TMR surgery.
• * To explore technological innovations for advanced prosthetic interfaces.

Main Methods:

• * Review of historical data and current clinical applications of TMR.
• * Analysis of technological advancements in implantable interfaces (e.g., muscle electrodes, osseointegration).
• * Critical discussion of future clinical and scientific directions in amputation care.

Main Results:

• * TMR provides additional myosignals for enhanced prosthetic control.
• * TMR can effectively treat and prevent neuroma and phantom limb pain.
• * Technological innovations are crucial for improving the man-machine interface in prosthetics.

Conclusions:

• * TMR is a valuable surgical strategy for upper limb amputees, improving both prosthetic function and pain relief.
• * Continued innovation in implantable interfaces and surgical techniques will further advance prosthetic capabilities.
• * Future research should focus on optimizing TMR outcomes and integrating novel technologies.