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Nonequilibrium phase transitions in a Brownian p-state clock model.

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We studied a new Brownian p-state clock model to understand phase transitions. Particle diffusion influences critical behaviors, showing robustness in some transitions but deviations in others due to nonequilibrium effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • The Brownian p-state clock model is a nonequilibrium extension of equilibrium lattice models.
  • It allows for random spin diffusion in a 2D space.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To numerically investigate phase transitions in the 2D Brownian p-state clock model.
  • To understand the impact of particle diffusion on critical phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations of the Brownian p-state clock model in a 2D space.
  • Analysis of phase transitions and finite-size scaling exponents.

Main Results:

  • Three distinct phases were identified for p>4: disordered paramagnetic, critical quasi-long-range-ordered, and ordered ferromagnetic.
  • The critical phase exhibits power-law scaling of the magnetization order parameter.
  • The Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition to the disordered phase is robust against diffusion, with a universal exponent of 1/8.
  • The transition to the ordered phase shows a deviation from equilibrium values, attributed to nonequilibrium diffusion.

Conclusions:

  • The BKT transition mechanism is robust against particle diffusion.
  • Nonequilibrium effects from particle diffusion alter the symmetry-breaking transition to the ordered phase.
  • The model provides insights into nonequilibrium phase transitions in 2D systems.