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Opioids and Youth Athletes.

Holly J Benjamin1, Molly M Perri1, Jacqueline Leemputte1

  • 1University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.

Sports Health
|February 17, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Opioid use is common among young athletes, with 28-46% reporting lifetime use. Participation in sports increases the risk of opioid misuse and addiction, highlighting a significant public health concern.

Keywords:
alternative pain therapyanalgesiaopioidspainpediatric and adolescent athletes

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopaedic Surgery
  • Sports Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The opioid epidemic poses a significant economic and societal burden.
  • Opioid use disorder and overdose costs exceed $1 trillion annually.
  • Pediatric athletes are a vulnerable population facing unique pain management challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the prevalence, use, and effectiveness of opioid analgesia in youth and adolescent athletes.
  • To identify current indications for opioid versus non-opioid analgesics in pediatric athletes.
  • To examine risks associated with opioid use, misuse, diversion, and addiction in this demographic.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane Library was conducted in February 2023.
  • Searches focused on opioid pain management in pediatric athletes from 2000 to the present, limited to English and human subjects.
  • Systematic reviews, narrative reviews, meta-analyses, and prospective studies were prioritized.

Main Results:

  • Pediatric athletes are at high risk for analgesic relief due to injury-related pain.
  • High school sports participation is linked to increased opioid use, with 28-46% of athletes reporting lifetime use.
  • Adolescents participating in sports have a 30% higher likelihood of future opioid misuse.

Conclusions:

  • Opioid use is prevalent in the pediatric athlete population.
  • This usage is associated with significant short- and long-term risks, including misuse and addiction.
  • Effective non-opioid pain management strategies are crucial for young athletes.