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Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

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Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
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Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
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Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates00:52

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After filtration, the precipitate is washed to remove coprecipitated impurities and any remaining mother liquor. Colloidal precipitates, such as silver chloride, are washed with an electrolyte (such as dilute nitric acid) to prevent the peptization of the precipitate. In the case of slightly soluble precipitates, the wash solution contains a common ion to reduce solubility. Lead sulfate, which is slightly soluble in water, is washed with dilute sulfuric acid. Similarly, wash solutions may be...
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When acids come into contact with concrete, they initiate a chemical reaction that dissolves the hydrated cement paste. This process leads to softening and structural weakening of the concrete. This issue is commonly observed in environments such as chimneys, sewers, and industrial settings. The severity of the damage increases as the pH of the water interacting with the concrete drops below 6.5. In particular, a pH under 4.5 can cause significant concrete damage.
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Sulfate Attack on Concrete01:29

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Sulfate attack on concrete is a deterioration process characterized by a whitish discoloration beginning at the edges and corners, accompanied by cracking and spalling. This phenomenon occurs when sulfates react with the components of hardened concrete, forming compounds like calcium sulfate and calcium sulfoaluminate which occupy more space than the substances they replace, causing the concrete to expand and disrupt.
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Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Acid leaching technology for post-consumer gypsum purification.

Miguel Castro-Diaz1, Mohamed Osmani1, Sergio Cavalaro1

  • 1Loughborough University, Loughborough, England, LE11 3TU, UK.

Open Research Europe
|February 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study developed an acid leaching purification method to recycle post-consumer gypsum waste into high-purity calcium sulfate dihydrate. The purified gypsum can be reused in plasterboard manufacturing, with a magnesium-rich byproduct suitable for soil fertilizer.

Keywords:
Plasterboard wasteacid leaching purificationdemolitionpost-consumer gypsum recyclingrefurbishment

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Post-consumer gypsum waste from demolition contains contaminants and salts, hindering its reuse in plasterboard manufacturing.
  • Mechanical recycling methods are insufficient to remove these impurities effectively.
  • Valorization of this waste stream is crucial for sustainable construction practices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and optimize an acid leaching purification technology for post-consumer gypsum.
  • To improve mechanical pre-treatment for enhanced gypsum valorization.
  • To assess the quality and potential applications of the purified gypsum and byproducts.

Main Methods:

  • Laboratory-scale acid leaching purification using sulfuric acid at elevated temperatures.
  • Calcination of purified gypsum to produce stucco.
  • Characterization using X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and particle size analysis.

Main Results:

  • Optimal purification achieved with 5 wt% sulfuric acid at 90 °C for 1 hour.
  • Purified gypsum yielded stucco with comparable setting times to commercial products, albeit with higher water demand.
  • A magnesium-rich gypsum byproduct was successfully precipitated from the wastewater.

Conclusions:

  • Achieved >96 wt% chemical purity and calcium sulfate dihydrate content in purified post-consumer gypsum.
  • Recommendations for industrial scale-up include acid neutralization before filtration, using fine gypsum particles (<2 mm), and specific stirring speeds (50 rpm).
  • The magnesium-rich byproduct shows potential as a soil fertilizer, adding economic value to the process.