Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 2, 2025

Reactive Inkjet Printing and Propulsion Analysis of Silk-based Self-propelled Micro-stirrers
Published on: April 26, 2019
Stenus-inspired, swift, and agile untethered insect-scale soft propulsors
Xingxing Ke1, Haochen Yong1, Fukang Xu1
1State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
None:
Mimicking living creatures, soft robots exhibit incomparable adaptability and various attractive new features. However, untethered insect-scale soft robots are often plagued with inferior controllability and low kinetic performance. Systematically inspired by the swift swingable abdomen, conducting canals for secretion transport, and body setae of Stenus comma, together with magnetic-induced fast-transformed postures, herein, we present a swift, agile untethered millimetre-scale soft propulsor propelling on water. The demonstrated propulsor, with a body length (BL) of 3.6 mm, achieved a recorded specific speed of ~201 BL/s and acceleration of ~8,372 BL/s2. The comprehensive kinetic performance of this propulsor surpasses those of previous ones at similar scales by several orders. Notably, we discovered momentum-transfer-induced over-biological on-demand braking (deceleration ~-5,010 BL/s2) and elucidated the underlying hydrodynamics. This work offers new insights into systematically bio-inspired artificial insect-scale soft robots, enabling them to push boundaries in performance, and potentially revolutionizing robot design, optimization, and control paradigms.
Related Concept Videos
Absolute Motion Analysis- General Plane Motion
As the drone's propellers rotate, an upward force is generated that counteracts the force of gravity, enabling the drone to lift off from the ground. This initial movement of the drone is along a straight path, representing a form of translational motion. In this phase, every point on the...
Centrifugal Force
Static and Kinetic Frictional Force
However, if two systems are in contact and are stationary relative to one...
Rocket Propulsion in Gravitational Field - II
A rocket's acceleration depends on three major factors, consistent with the...
Kinetic Friction
Rocket Propulsion in Gravitational Field - I
The motion of a rocket in space changes its velocity (and hence its...

